Diffuse esophageal spasm historical perspective: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 01:33, 2 November 2017

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Madhu Sigdel M.B.B.S.[2]

DES was first described by Osgood, in 1889 in 6 patients who presented with chest pain and dysphagia.^[1]

In 2000, development of high resolution esophageal manometry has led to classification of esophageal motility disorders.

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 == References ==
+<references />
-==Pathophysiology==
-=== Pathogenesis ===
-* The exact pathogenesis of DES is not fully understood. However, current high-resolution manometry studies suggest impairment of inhibitory myenteric plexus neuron. These neurons use nitric oxide (NO) as neurotransmitter. Hence, these patients may also have dysregulation of endogenous NO synthesis or/and degradation. The final result is premature and rapidly propagated or simultaneous contraction of smooth muscles of distal esophagus.