Brucellosis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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*Infected mothers who are [[breast-feeding]] may transmit the [[infection]] to their [[infants]].  
*Infected mothers who are [[breast-feeding]] may transmit the [[infection]] to their [[infants]].  
*[[Sexual]] [[transmission]] has been rarely reported.  
*[[Sexual]] [[transmission]] has been rarely reported.  
*While uncommon, [[transmission]] may also occur via [[tissue]] [[transplantation]] or [[blood transfusions]].<ref name="a">Brucellosis. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/brucellosis/transmission/index.html. Accessed on February 1, 2016</ref>  
*While uncommon, [[transmission]] may also occur via [[tissue]] [[transplantation]] or [[blood transfusions]].<ref name="b">Brucellosis. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/brucellosis/transmission/index.html. Accessed on February 1, 2016</ref>  


===Pathogenesis===
===Pathogenesis===
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*The elimination of [[virulent]] [[Brucella]] depends on activated [[macrophages]] and hence requires development of Th1 type cell-mediated responses to [[protein]] [[antigens]].
*The elimination of [[virulent]] [[Brucella]] depends on activated [[macrophages]] and hence requires development of Th1 type cell-mediated responses to [[protein]] [[antigens]].
*High [[iron]] [[concentrations]] promote the killing of [[Brucella]], probably by favoring production of [[hydroxylamine]] and [[hydroxyl radical]].
*High [[iron]] [[concentrations]] promote the killing of [[Brucella]], probably by favoring production of [[hydroxylamine]] and [[hydroxyl radical]].
*The mechanisms of [[pathogenesis]] of [[Brucella]] infection in its natural host species and in humans are still not completely understood, and further studies are needed.<ref name="pmid9204307">{{cite journal| author=Corbel MJ| title=Brucellosis: an overview. | journal=Emerg Infect Dis | year= 1997 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 213-21 | pmid=9204307 | doi=10.3201/eid0302.970219 | pmc=PMC2627605 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9204307  }} </ref><ref name="c">Brucelosis. Wikipedia. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucelosis. Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref>
*The mechanisms of [[pathogenesis]] of [[Brucella]] infection in its natural host species and in humans are still not completely understood, and further studies are needed.<ref name="pmid9204307">{{cite journal| author=Corbel MJ| title=Brucellosis: an overview. | journal=Emerg Infect Dis | year= 1997 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 213-21 | pmid=9204307 | doi=10.3201/eid0302.970219 | pmc=PMC2627605 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9204307  }} </ref><ref name="aa">Brucelosis. Wikipedia. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucelosis. Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref>


===Microscopic Pathology===
===Microscopic Pathology===
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[[Image:Bruce-granulomanecrosis.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Histopathology of guinea pig liver in experimental Brucella suis infection. Granuloma with necrosis]]
[[Image:Bruce-granulomanecrosis.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Histopathology of guinea pig liver in experimental Brucella suis infection. Granuloma with necrosis]]
*[[Brucella|Brucella spp.]] are poorly staining, small [[gram-negative]] [[coccobacilli]] (0.5-0.7 x 0.6-1.5 µm).  
*[[Brucella|Brucella spp.]] are poorly staining, small [[gram-negative]] [[coccobacilli]] (0.5-0.7 x 0.6-1.5 µm).  
*[[Brucella|Brucella spp.]] are seen mostly as single cells and appearing like “fine sand”.<ref name="b">Brucellosis. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellosis. Accessed on January 29, 2016</ref>  
*[[Brucella|Brucella spp.]] are seen mostly as single cells and appearing like “fine sand”.<ref name="a">Brucellosis. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellosis. Accessed on January 29, 2016</ref>  
*On [[microscopic]] [[histopathological]] analysis of the [[liver]], common findings are:
*On [[microscopic]] [[histopathological]] analysis of the [[liver]], common findings are:
**[[Granulomas]] with centrilobular [[necrosis]] or focal [[necrosis]] and [[parenchyma]] destruction.<ref>Hunt A, Bothwell P. Histological findings in human brucellosis. ''J Clin Pathol''. 1967; 20: 267-272</ref>   
**[[Granulomas]] with centrilobular [[necrosis]] or focal [[necrosis]] and [[parenchyma]] destruction.<ref>Hunt A, Bothwell P. Histological findings in human brucellosis. ''J Clin Pathol''. 1967; 20: 267-272</ref>   

Revision as of 19:00, 5 February 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Danitza Lukac

Pathophysiology

Transmission

Pathogenesis

Microscopic Pathology

Brucella spp. are poorly staining, small gram-negative coccobacilli (0.5-0.7 x 0.6-1.5 µm), and are seen mostly as single cells and appearing like “fine sand”.
Histopathology of guinea pig liver in experimental Brucella suis infection. Granuloma with necrosis

Reference

  1. Brucellosis. CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/brucellosis/transmission/index.html. Accessed on February 1, 2016
  2. Corbel MJ (1997). "Brucellosis: an overview". Emerg Infect Dis. 3 (2): 213–21. doi:10.3201/eid0302.970219. PMC 2627605. PMID 9204307.
  3. Brucelosis. Wikipedia. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucelosis. Accessed on February 2, 2016
  4. Brucellosis. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellosis. Accessed on January 29, 2016
  5. Hunt A, Bothwell P. Histological findings in human brucellosis. J Clin Pathol. 1967; 20: 267-272

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