Dementia classification

Dementia Microchapters
Patient Information
Overview
Classification
Causes Alzheimer's Disease Parkinson's Disease Binswanger's Disease Dementia with Lewy bodies Thiamine deficiency Vascular dementia Marijuana abuse AIDS Neurosyphilis Normal pressure hydrocephalus Vitamin B12 deficiency Vitamin B6 deficiency
Differential Diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Classification

Cortical Dementias

• Alzheimer's disease
• Vascular dementia (also known as multi-infarct dementia), including Binswanger's disease
• Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)
• Alcohol-Induced Persisting Dementia
  • Korsakoff's syndrome
  • Wernicke's encephalopathy
• Frontotemporal lobar degenerations (FTLD), including Pick's disease
  • Frontotemporal dementia (or frontal variant FTLD)
  • Semantic dementia (or temporal variant FTLD)
  • Progressive non-fluent aphasia
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
• Dementia pugilistica
• Moyamoya disease

Subcortical Dementias

• Dementia due to Huntington's disease
• Dementia due to Hypothyroidism
• Dementia due to Parkinson's disease
• Dementia due to Vitamin B1 deficiency
• Dementia due to Vitamin B12 deficiency
• Dementia due to Folate deficiency
• Dementia due to Syphilis
• Dementia due to Subdural hematoma
• Dementia due to Hypercalcaemia
• Dementia due to Hypoglycemia
• AIDS dementia complex
• Pseudodementia (associated with clinical depression and bipolar disorder)
• Substance-induced persisting dementia (related to psychoactive use and formerly Absinthism)
• Dementia due to multiple etiologies
• Dementia due to other general medical conditions (i.e. end stage renal failure, cardiovascular disease etc.)
• Dementia not otherwise specified (used in cases where no specific criteria is met)

Dementia and early onset dementia have been associated with neurovisceral porphyrias. Porphyria is listed in textbooks in the differential diagnosis of dementia. Because acute intermittent porphyria, hereditary coproporphyria and variegate porphyria are aggravated by environmental toxins and drugs the disorders should be ruled out when these etiologies are raised.

References

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