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== Primary Prevention ==
== Primary Prevention ==
===BCG Vaccine===
===BCG Vaccine===
*Bacille Calmmette-Guerin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine derived from M. bovis.  
*Bacille Calmmette-Guerin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine derived from M. bovis.  
Line 20: Line 18:
*Children with a close contact of TB should be evaluated for tuberculosis infection.
*Children with a close contact of TB should be evaluated for tuberculosis infection.
*TST
*TST
===Prevention for International Travelers===
*Travelers should avoid close contact or prolonged time with known TB patients in crowded, enclosed environment.
*Travelers who anticipate possible prolonged exposure to TB, such as medical staff, individuals in prison, or homeless shelter populations should have a [[tuberculin skin test]] (TST)  or [[interferon-gamma release assay]] (IGRA) test  before leaving the United States.


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Revision as of 14:24, 24 September 2014

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [2]

Overview

Primary Prevention

BCG Vaccine

  • Bacille Calmmette-Guerin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine derived from M. bovis.
  • BCG vaccination is recommended for every infant that lives in a highly endemic area of TB or has a high risk of exposure to TB. [1]
  • The administration of the vaccine protects against severe types of tuberculosis, such as miliary or meningeal tuberculosis.
  • BCG vaccine is not recommended for children with HIV infection, however, children with unknown HIV status and born to HIV positive women, should be vaccinated. [1]
  • There is no proven benefit of the vaccine for patients that already have been infected by tuberculosis.[2]

Screening

  • Children with a close contact of TB should be evaluated for tuberculosis infection.
  • TST

Prevention for International Travelers

  • Travelers should avoid close contact or prolonged time with known TB patients in crowded, enclosed environment.
  • Travelers who anticipate possible prolonged exposure to TB, such as medical staff, individuals in prison, or homeless shelter populations should have a tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) test before leaving the United States.


References

  1. 1.0 1.1 "WHO Guidance for national tuberculosis programmes on the management of tuberculosis in children, 2014" (PDF).
  2. Roy, A.; Eisenhut, M.; Harris, R. J.; Rodrigues, L. C.; Sridhar, S.; Habermann, S.; Snell, L.; Mangtani, P.; Adetifa, I.; Lalvani, A.; Abubakar, I. (2014). "Effect of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children: systematic review and meta-analysis". BMJ. 349 (aug04 5): g4643–g4643. doi:10.1136/bmj.g4643. ISSN 1756-1833.

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