Arterial thrombosis: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
'''Thrombosis''' is the formation of a [[clot]] or [[thrombus]] inside a [[blood vessel]], obstructing the flow of [[blood]] through the [[circulatory system]]. '''Thromboembolism''' is a general term describing both thrombosis and its main complication which is [[embolism|embolisation]]. The term was coined in 1848 by [[Rudolph Carl Virchow]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Timetables of Science| first=Alexander| last=Hellemans| coauthors=Bryan Bunch| publisher=Simon and Schuster| location=New York, New York| year=1988| isbn=0671621300 |pages=317}}</ref>
Thrombosis is the formation of a [[clot]] or [[thrombus]] inside a [[blood vessel]], obstructing the flow of [[blood]] through the [[circulatory system]]. Thromboembolism is a general term describing both thrombosis and its main complication which is [[embolism|embolisation]]. The term was coined in 1848 by [[Rudolph Carl Virchow]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Timetables of Science| first=Alexander| last=Hellemans| coauthors=Bryan Bunch| publisher=Simon and Schuster| location=New York, New York| year=1988| isbn=0671621300 |pages=317}}</ref>


==Classification==
==Classification==
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==References==
==References==
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{{Reflist|2}}


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{{Circulatory system pathology}}
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Revision as of 20:53, 26 February 2013

Thrombosis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Pathophysiology

Classification

Arterial
Venous
Arterial and Venous Thrombosis: Differences and Similarities

Causes

Site of Thrombosis

Arterial
Venous

Differentiating Thrombosis from other Diseases

Arterial
Venous

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Evaluation

Treatment

Risk Factor Modifications

Prevention

Arterial thrombosis On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

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CDC onArterial thrombosis

Arterial thrombosis in the news

Blogs on Arterial thrombosis

to Hospitals Treating Arterial thrombosis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Arterial thrombosis

WikiDoc Resources for Arterial thrombosis

Articles

Most recent articles on Arterial thrombosis

Most cited articles on Arterial thrombosis

Review articles on Arterial thrombosis

Articles on Arterial thrombosis in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Arterial thrombosis

Images of Arterial thrombosis

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Cochrane Collaboration on Arterial thrombosis

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Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Arterial thrombosis at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Arterial thrombosis

Clinical Trials on Arterial thrombosis at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Arterial thrombosis

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Definitions of Arterial thrombosis

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Risk calculators and risk factors for Arterial thrombosis

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Symptoms of Arterial thrombosis

Causes & Risk Factors for Arterial thrombosis

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Treatment of Arterial thrombosis

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International

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Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Arterial thrombosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Thrombosis is the formation of a clot or thrombus inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. Thromboembolism is a general term describing both thrombosis and its main complication which is embolisation. The term was coined in 1848 by Rudolph Carl Virchow.[1]

Classification

There are two broad forms of thrombosis, arterial and venous. They are somewhat distinct in their underlying pathophysiology, but there is also a degree of overlap in the underlying pathophysiology.

You can read more about venous thrombosis here:

Possible site of thrombosis

Causes

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

If a bacterial infection is present at the site of thrombosis, the thrombus may break down, spreading particles of infected material throughout the circulatory system (pyemia, septic embolus) and setting up metastatic abscesses wherever they come to rest. Without an infection, the thrombus may become detached and enter circulation as an embolus, finally lodging in and completely obstructing a blood vessel (an infarction). The effects of an infarction depend on where it occurs.

Most thrombi, however, become organized into fibrous tissue, and the thrombosed vessel is gradually recanalized.

Diagnosis

Laboratory Findings

cDNA-PCR assays for gene mutations and polymorphisms:

Serologic (blood) tests:

Evaluation of hypofibrinolysis

Prevention

Thrombosis and embolism can be partially prevented with anticoagulants in those deemed at risk. Generally, a risk-benefit analysis is required, as all anticoagulants increase the risk of bleeding. In atrial fibrillation, for instance, the risk of stroke (calculated on the basis of additional risk factors, such as advanced age and high blood pressure) outweigh the risk of bleeding associated with warfarin use.[2]

In-hospital patients, thrombosis is a major cause for complications and is occasionally fatal. In 2005,a Parliamentary Health Select Committee in UK, stated that the annual rate of death due to hospital-acquired thrombosis was 25,000.[3]

In patients admitted for surgery, compression stockings are widely used. In severe illness, prolonged immobility and in all orthopedic surgery, professional guidelines recommend

In patients with medical rather than surgical illness, LMWH is known to prevent thrombosis,[5][6]

In United Kingdom, the Chief Medical Officer has issued guidelines that preventative measures should be used in patients, in anticipation of formal guidelines.[3]

Related Chapters

References

  1. Hellemans, Alexander (1988). The Timetables of Science. New York, New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 317. ISBN 0671621300. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
  2. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Clinical guideline 36: Atrial fibrillation. London, June 2006.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Hunt BJ (2008). "Awareness and politics of venous thromboembolism in the United kingdom". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28 (3): 398–9. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162586. PMID 18296598. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Clinical guideline 46: Venous thromboembolism (surgical). London, April 2007.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Geerts WH, Pineo GF, Heit JA; et al. (2004). "Prevention of venous thromboembolism: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy". Chest. 126 (3 Suppl): 338S–400S. doi:10.1378/chest.126.3_suppl.338S. PMID 15383478. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. Dentali F, Douketis JD, Gianni M, Lim W, Crowther MA (2007). "Meta-analysis: anticoagulant prophylaxis to prevent symptomatic venous thromboembolism in hospitalized medical patients" (PDF). Ann. Intern. Med. 146 (4): 278–88. PMID 17310052. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

cs:Trombóza de:Thrombose eo:Trombozo it:Trombosi he:תרומבוס ms:Trombotik nl:Trombose fi:Verihiutale

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