Mastoiditis causes: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 18: Line 18:
=== Rare causes ===
=== Rare causes ===


==== Bacterial: ====
==== Bacterial ====
* [[Haemophilus influenzae]] is rare in [[mastoiditis]] of childhood despite being the second most frequent cause of [[acute otitis media]]<ref name="pmid17493691">{{cite journal |vauthors=Benito MB, Gorricho BP |title=Acute mastoiditis: increase in the incidence and complications |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=71 |issue=7 |pages=1007–11 |year=2007 |pmid=17493691 |doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.02.014 |url=}}</ref>.
* [[Haemophilus influenzae]] is rare in [[mastoiditis]] of childhood despite being the second most frequent cause of [[acute otitis media]]<ref name="pmid17493691">{{cite journal |vauthors=Benito MB, Gorricho BP |title=Acute mastoiditis: increase in the incidence and complications |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=71 |issue=7 |pages=1007–11 |year=2007 |pmid=17493691 |doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.02.014 |url=}}</ref>.


==== Non-bacterial ====
==== Non-bacterial ====
* [[Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis]{{cite journal |vauthors=Bozdemir K, Tarlak B, Cakar H, Doblan A, Kutluhan A, Dilek I, Adıyaman Süngü N |title=Langerhans cell histiocytosis in bilateral mastoid cavity |journal=Case Rep Otolaryngol |volume=2013 |issue= |pages=957926 |year=2013 |pmid=23841005 |pmc=3691895 |doi=10.1155/2013/957926 |url=}}
* [[Cholesteatoma]]
* [[Cochlear implant|Cochlear implant infections]]
*
:  
:  
:  
:  

Revision as of 13:44, 27 June 2017

Mastoiditis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Mastoiditis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

The most common bacteria that cause acute mastoiditis are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus[1]. Staphylococci, Pseudomonas species and polymicrobials present predominantly seen in non-acute mastoiditis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be find in children with acute mastoiditis as a consequence of recurrent acute otitis media and antibiotic use[2]

Causes

Common Causes

Mastoiditis is caused by untreated acute otitis media (middle ear infection).Therefore the bacterial pathogens that cause mastoiditis are similar to the pathogens that causing infectious otitis media. Most common causes are [3][4][5]

Rare causes

Bacterial

Non-bacterial

  • [[Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis]Bozdemir K, Tarlak B, Cakar H, Doblan A, Kutluhan A, Dilek I, Adıyaman Süngü N (2013). "Langerhans cell histiocytosis in bilateral mastoid cavity". Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2013: 957926. doi:10.1155/2013/957926. PMC 3691895. PMID 23841005.
  • Cholesteatoma
  • Cochlear implant infections

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat Cholesteatoma, cochlear implant infections
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency, Nijmegen breakage syndrome
Hematologic Histiocytosis X
Iatrogenic Cochlear implant infections
Infectious Disease Anaerobic bacteria, bacteroides, blastomycosis, enterobacteriaceae, fusobacterium, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, MRSA, mycobacterium bovis, mycobacterium tuberculosis, pasteurella multocida, peptostreptococcus, porphyromonas, prevotella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, streptococcus Group A, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Histiocytosis X
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Histiocytosis X
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
3

References

  1. Geva A, Oestreicher-Kedem Y, Fishman G, Landsberg R, DeRowe A (2008). "Conservative management of acute mastoiditis in children". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 72 (5): 629–34. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2008.01.013. PMID 18304656.
  2. Chien JH, Chen YS, Hung IF, Hsieh KS, Wu KS, Cheng MF (2012). "Mastoiditis diagnosed by clinical symptoms and imaging studies in children: disease spectrum and evolving diagnostic challenges". J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 45 (5): 377–81. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2011.12.008. PMID 22578647.
  3. Geva A, Oestreicher-Kedem Y, Fishman G, Landsberg R, DeRowe A (2008). "Conservative management of acute mastoiditis in children". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 72 (5): 629–34. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2008.01.013. PMID 18304656.
  4. Chien JH, Chen YS, Hung IF, Hsieh KS, Wu KS, Cheng MF (2012). "Mastoiditis diagnosed by clinical symptoms and imaging studies in children: disease spectrum and evolving diagnostic challenges". J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 45 (5): 377–81. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2011.12.008. PMID 22578647.
  5. Groth A, Enoksson F, Hultcrantz M, Stalfors J, Stenfeldt K, Hermansson A (2012). "Acute mastoiditis in children aged 0-16 years--a national study of 678 cases in Sweden comparing different age groups". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 76 (10): 1494–500. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.07.002. PMID 22832239.
  6. Benito MB, Gorricho BP (2007). "Acute mastoiditis: increase in the incidence and complications". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 71 (7): 1007–11. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.02.014. PMID 17493691.

Template:WH Template:WS