Eye neoplasm: Difference between revisions

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{{Eye neoplasm}}
{{Eye neoplasm}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{RAK}}


{{SK}} Eye neoplasm; eye cancer
{{SK}} Eye neoplasm; eye cancer


==Overview==
==Overview==
Ocular oncology is the branch of [[medicine]] dealing with [[tumors]] relating to the [[Human eye|eye]] and its [[adnexa]]. Eye cancer can affect all parts of the [[Human eye|eye]].
[[Ocular oncology]] is the branch of [[medicine]] dealing with [[tumors]] relating to the [[Human eye|eye]] and its [[adnexa]]. [[Cancer]] of the [[eye]] is very rare; however, the most common [[neoplasm]] of the eye is [[ocular]] [[melanoma]]. Eye cancer can affect all parts of the [[Human eye|eye]].  


==Classification==
==Classification==
* The most common intraocular cancer in adults is uveal metastases
*'''Melanoma''' is the most common type of primary intraocular cancer in adults
**Uveal melanoma
**Can occur in the [[choroid]], [[Iris (anatomy)|iris]] and [[ciliary body]]
* '''Intraocular lymphoma''' is lymphoma that begins in the eyeball
** consider intraocular lymphoma to be a type of central nervous system lymphoma. Most intraocular lymphomas are non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
* Retinoblastoma is a rare form of childhood eye cancer.
* Hemangioma is a benign tumor of the choroid and retina that starts in the blood vessels.
* Conjunctival melanoma is a tumor of the conjunctiva
* Eyelid carcinoma (basal or squamous cell) is a variation of skin cancer.
* '''Lacrimal gland tumor''' is a benign or malignant tumor of the glands that produce tears
*Tumors in the eye and orbit can be
**[[Benign]] like [[dermoid cyst]]s, or
**[[Malignant]] like [[rhabdomyosarcoma]] and [[retinoblastoma]]
* Most common '''eyelid''' tumor is [[basal cell carcinoma]]
** Can grow around the eye but rarely spreads to other parts of the body
** Other common eyelid cancers are [[squamous carcinoma]], sebaceous carcinoma and [[malignant melanoma]]
* Most common malignant '''intraocular''' tumor in '''children''' is [[retinoblastoma]]
** Affecting approximately 325 children per year in North America
** Early detection has allowed for cures exceeding 95%
===Choroidal tumors===
===Choroidal tumors===
* Choroidal [[hemangioma]]
* Choroidal [[hemangioma]]
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===Conjunctival tumors===
===Conjunctival tumors===
[[File:Conjunctival carcinoma - 6.jpg|thumb|right|Advanced conjunctival carcinoma protruding through the palpebral fissure.]]
 
* Conjunctival [[Kaposi's sarcoma]]
* Conjunctival [[Kaposi's sarcoma]]


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* [[Squamous carcinoma]] and [[intraepithelial neoplasia]] of the conjunctiva
* [[Squamous carcinoma]] and [[intraepithelial neoplasia]] of the conjunctiva


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
== Risk Factors ==
===Origin and location===
[[Risk factor|Risk factors]] that increase the chance of suffering from [[cancer]] of the [[eye]] include:
Eye cancers can be primary (starts within the eye) and [[metastasis|metastatic cancer]] (spread to the eye from another organ). The two most common cancers that spread to the eye from another organ are [[breast cancer]] and [[lung cancer]]. Other less common sites of origin include the [[prostate]], [[kidney]], [[thyroid]], [[skin]], [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]] and [[leukemia|blood or bone marrow]].


===Types===
* Exposure to [[sun]] or tanning beds
Tumors in the eye and orbit can be [[benign]] like [[dermoid cyst]]s, or [[malignant]] like [[rhabdomyosarcoma]] and [[retinoblastoma]].
** Increase risk of [[eyelid]] [[Carcinoma|carcinomas]] or [[Melanoma|melanomas]]
* Exposure to certain [[Virus|viruses]]
**[[Human papilloma virus]] may increase the risk of [[squamous cell carcinoma]] of [[conjunctiva]]


====Malignant====
==Diagnosis==
The most common eyelid tumor is called [[basal cell carcinoma]]. This tumor can grow around the eye but rarely spreads to other parts of the body. Other types of common eyelid cancers include [[squamous carcinoma]], [[sebaceous carcinoma]] and [[malignant melanoma]]. The most common orbital malignancy is ''orbital lymphoma''. This tumor can be diagnosed by biopsy with histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis. Most patients with orbital lymphoma can be offered [[chemotherapy]] or [[radiation therapy]].


=====Adults=====
*The most common malignant primary [[wikt:intraocular|intraocular]] tumor in adults is [[uveal melanoma]]. These tumors can occur in the [[choroid]], [[Iris (anatomy)|iris]] and [[ciliary body]]. The latter are sometimes called iris or [[ciliary body melanoma]].
*The next most common is primary [[intraocular lymphoma]] (PIOL) which is usually non-Hodgkin’s, large cell lymphoma of the B-cell type, although T cell lymphomas have also been described.
=====Children=====
*The most common malignant intraocular tumor in children is [[retinoblastoma]], affecting approximately 325 children per year in North America. Early detection has allowed for cures exceeding 95%.
*The second most common is [[medulloepithelioma]] (also called diktyoma) which can occur in the ciliary body and the uvea of the eye.
====Benign====
[[Orbit (anatomy)|Orbital]] [[dermoid cyst]]s are benign [[wikt:choristoma|choristomas]] which are typically found at the junction of sutures, most commonly at the fronto-zygomatic suture. Large deep orbital dermoid cysts can cause pressure effects on the muscles and optic nerve, leading to diplopia and loss of vision.
==Diagnosis==
* [[Melanomas]] ([[choroidal]], [[ciliary body]] and [[uveal]]) -  In the early stages there may be no symptoms (the person does not know there is a tumor until an [[ophthalmologist]] or [[optometrist]] looks into the eye with an [[ophthalmoscope]] during a routine test).  As the tumor grows, symptoms can be blurred vision, decreased vision, [[double vision]], eventual vision loss and if they continue to grow the [[tumor]] can break past the [[retina]] causing [[retinal detachment]]. Sometimes the tumor can be visible through the [[pupil]].
* [[Melanomas]] ([[choroidal]], [[ciliary body]] and [[uveal]]) -  In the early stages there may be no symptoms (the person does not know there is a tumor until an [[ophthalmologist]] or [[optometrist]] looks into the eye with an [[ophthalmoscope]] during a routine test).  As the tumor grows, symptoms can be blurred vision, decreased vision, [[double vision]], eventual vision loss and if they continue to grow the [[tumor]] can break past the [[retina]] causing [[retinal detachment]]. Sometimes the tumor can be visible through the [[pupil]].


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* [[Iris]] and [[conjuctival]] tumors (melanomas) -  Presents as a dark spot.  Any spot which continues to grow on the iris and the conjunctiva should be checked out.
* [[Iris]] and [[conjuctival]] tumors (melanomas) -  Presents as a dark spot.  Any spot which continues to grow on the iris and the conjunctiva should be checked out.


* [[Retinoblastoma]] -  [[Strabismus]] (crossed eyes), a whitish or yellowish glow through the pupil, decreasing/loss of vision, sometimes the eye may be red and painful. Retinoblastoma can occur in one or both eyes.  This tumor occurs in babies and young children.  It is called RB for short.  Check photographs, normal healthy eyes would have the [[red eye reflex]],  but a white/yellow dot instead of the red eye reflex can indicate a tumor or some other kind of eye disease.  Any photos of a child/children which have a white/yellow dot instead of the red eye reflex should be checked out.
* [[Retinoblastoma]] -  [[Strabismus]] (crossed eyes), a whitish or yellowish glow through the pupil, decreasing/loss of vision, sometimes the eye may be red and painful. Retinoblastoma can occur in one or both eyes.  This tumor occurs in babies and young children.  It is called RB for short.  Check photographs, normal healthy eyes would have the [[red eye reflex]],  but a white/yellow dot instead of the red eye reflex can indicate a tumor or some other kind of eye disease.  Any photos of a child/children which have a white/yellow dot instead of the red eye reflex should be checked out.<br />
 
==Treatment==
[[Eye neoplasm medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Eye neoplasm surgery|Surgery]] | [[Eye neoplasm cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Eye neoplasm future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==Related Chapters==
==Related Chapters==
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[[Category:Ocular neoplasia]]
[[Category:Ocular neoplasia]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
 


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Latest revision as of 06:33, 28 July 2020


Eye Neoplasm Microchapters

Patient Information

Overview

Classification

Choroidal Tumors
Conjunctival Tumors

Causes

Differential Diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Roukoz A. Karam, M.D.[2]

Synonyms and keywords: Eye neoplasm; eye cancer

Overview

Ocular oncology is the branch of medicine dealing with tumors relating to the eye and its adnexa. Cancer of the eye is very rare; however, the most common neoplasm of the eye is ocular melanoma. Eye cancer can affect all parts of the eye.

Classification

  • The most common intraocular cancer in adults is uveal metastases
  • Melanoma is the most common type of primary intraocular cancer in adults
  • Intraocular lymphoma is lymphoma that begins in the eyeball
    • consider intraocular lymphoma to be a type of central nervous system lymphoma. Most intraocular lymphomas are non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
  • Retinoblastoma is a rare form of childhood eye cancer.
  • Hemangioma is a benign tumor of the choroid and retina that starts in the blood vessels.
  • Conjunctival melanoma is a tumor of the conjunctiva
  • Eyelid carcinoma (basal or squamous cell) is a variation of skin cancer.
  • Lacrimal gland tumor is a benign or malignant tumor of the glands that produce tears
  • Tumors in the eye and orbit can be
  • Most common eyelid tumor is basal cell carcinoma
  • Most common malignant intraocular tumor in children is retinoblastoma
    • Affecting approximately 325 children per year in North America
    • Early detection has allowed for cures exceeding 95%

Choroidal tumors

Conjunctival tumors

Risk Factors

Risk factors that increase the chance of suffering from cancer of the eye include:

Diagnosis

  • Nevus - Are benign, freckle in the eye. These should be checked out and regular checks on the eye done to ensure it hasn't turned into a melanoma.
  • Iris and conjuctival tumors (melanomas) - Presents as a dark spot. Any spot which continues to grow on the iris and the conjunctiva should be checked out.
  • Retinoblastoma - Strabismus (crossed eyes), a whitish or yellowish glow through the pupil, decreasing/loss of vision, sometimes the eye may be red and painful. Retinoblastoma can occur in one or both eyes. This tumor occurs in babies and young children. It is called RB for short. Check photographs, normal healthy eyes would have the red eye reflex, but a white/yellow dot instead of the red eye reflex can indicate a tumor or some other kind of eye disease. Any photos of a child/children which have a white/yellow dot instead of the red eye reflex should be checked out.

Related Chapters


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