Apolipoprotein C3

Apolipoprotein C-III
Identifiers
Symbols	APOC3 ; APOCIII; MGC150353
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 81615
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Biological process Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

Apolipoprotein C-III is a very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) protein. APOC3 inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase; it is thought to delay catabolism of triglyceride-rich particles. The APOA1, APOC3 and APOA4 genes are closely linked in both rat and human genomes. The A-I and A-IV genes are transcribed from the same strand, while the A-1 and C-III genes are convergently transcribed. An increase in apoC-III levels induces the development of hypertriglyceridemia.

See also

• Apolipoprotein

Lately, two novel susceptibility haplotypes i.e. P2-S2-X1 and P1-S2-X1 have been discovered in ApoAI-CIII-AIV gene cluster on chromosme 11q23, who confer approximately threefold higher risk of coronary heart disease in normal [1] as well as non-insulin diabetes mellitus[2].

External links

• Apolipoprotein+C-III at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Further reading

• Singh PP, Singh M, Kaur TP, Grewal SS (2007). "A novel haplotype in ApoAI-CIII-AIV gene region is detrimental to Northwest Indians with coronary heart disease". Int J Cardiol. PMID 17825930.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Singh PP, Singh M, Gaur S, Grewal SS (2007). "The ApoAI-CIII-AIV gene cluster and its relation to lipid levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease: determination of a novel susceptible haplotype". Diab Vasc Dis Res. 4 (2): 124–29. PMID 17654446.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• von Eckardstein A, Holz H, Sandkamp M; et al. (1991). "Apolipoprotein C-III(Lys58----Glu). Identification of an apolipoprotein C-III variant in a family with hyperalphalipoproteinemia". J. Clin. Invest. 87 (5): 1724–31. PMID 2022742.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Karathanasis SK, Zannis VI, Breslow JL (1985). "Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones corresponding to two different human apoC-III alleles". J. Lipid Res. 26 (4): 451–6. PMID 2989400.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Karathanasis SK, Oettgen P, Haddad IA, Antonarakis SE (1986). "Structure, evolution, and polymorphisms of the human apolipoprotein A4 gene (APOA4)". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (22): 8457–61. PMID 3095836.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Maeda H, Hashimoto RK, Ogura T; et al. (1988). "Molecular cloning of a human apoC-III variant: Thr 74----Ala 74 mutation prevents O-glycosylation". J. Lipid Res. 28 (12): 1405–9. PMID 3123586.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Karathanasis SK (1985). "Apolipoprotein multigene family: tandem organization of human apolipoprotein AI, CIII, and AIV genes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82 (19): 6374–8. PMID 3931073.
• Zannis VI, Cole FS, Jackson CL; et al. (1985). "Distribution of apolipoprotein A-I, C-II, C-III, and E mRNA in fetal human tissues. Time-dependent induction of apolipoprotein E mRNA by cultures of human monocyte-macrophages". Biochemistry. 24 (16): 4450–5. PMID 3931677.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Shelley CS, Sharpe CR, Baralle FE, Shoulders CC (1986). "Comparison of the human apolipoprotein genes. Apo AII presents a unique functional intron-exon junction". J. Mol. Biol. 186 (1): 43–51. PMID 3935800.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hospattankar AV, Brewer HB, Ronan R, Fairwell T (1986). "Amino acid sequence of human plasma apolipoprotein C-III from normolipidemic subjects". FEBS Lett. 197 (1–2): 67–73. PMID 3949020.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Brewer HB, Shulman R, Herbert P; et al. (1974). "The complete amino acid sequence of alanine apolipoprotein (apoC-3), and apolipoprotein from human plasma very low density lipoproteins". J. Biol. Chem. 249 (15): 4975–84. PMID 4846755.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Karathanasis SK, McPherson J, Zannis VI, Breslow JL (1983). "Linkage of human apolipoproteins A-I and C-III genes". Nature. 304 (5924): 371–3. PMID 6308458.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Sharpe CR, Sidoli A, Shelley CS; et al. (1984). "Human apolipoproteins AI, AII, CII and CIII. cDNA sequences and mRNA abundance". Nucleic Acids Res. 12 (9): 3917–32. PMID 6328445.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Law SW, Gray G, Brewer HB (1983). "cDNA cloning of human apoA-I: amino acid sequence of preproapoA-I". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 112 (1): 257–64. PMID 6404278.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Protter AA, Levy-Wilson B, Miller J; et al. (1985). "Isolation and sequence analysis of the human apolipoprotein CIII gene and the intergenic region between the apo AI and apo CIII genes". DNA. 3 (6): 449–56. PMID 6439535.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Levy-Wilson B, Appleby V, Protter A; et al. (1985). "Isolation and DNA sequence of full-length cDNA for human preapolipoprotein CIII". DNA. 3 (5): 359–64. PMID 6548954.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Dammerman M, Sandkuijl LA, Halaas JL; et al. (1993). "An apolipoprotein CIII haplotype protective against hypertriglyceridemia is specified by promoter and 3' untranslated region polymorphisms". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (10): 4562–6. PMID 8099442.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Wu JH, Kao JT, Wen MS, Lo SK (2000). "DNA polymorphisms at the apolipoprotein A1-CIII loci in Taiwanese: correlation of plasma APOCIII with triglyceride level and body mass index". J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 99 (5): 367–74. PMID 10870325.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Geraci MW, Moore M, Gesell T; et al. (2001). "Gene expression patterns in the lungs of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension: a gene microarray analysis". Circ. Res. 88 (6): 555–62. PMID 11282888.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Inoue Y, Miyazaki M, Tsuji T; et al. (2002). "Reactivation of liver-specific gene expression in an immortalized human hepatocyte cell line by introduction of the human HNF4alpha2 gene". Int. J. Mol. Med. 8 (5): 481–7. PMID 11605014.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Pastier D, Lacorte JM, Chambaz J; et al. (2002). "Two initiator-like elements are required for the combined activation of the human apolipoprotein C-III promoter by upstream stimulatory factor and hepatic nuclear factor-4". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (17): 15199–206. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200227200. PMID 11839757.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Chhabra S, Narang R, Krishnan LR; et al. (2002). "Apolipoprotein C3 SstI polymorphism and triglyceride levels in Asian Indians". BMC Genet. 3: 9. PMID 12052247.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)