Listeriosis risk factors: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
(Created page with "{{Listeriosis}} {{CMG}} ==Overview== ==Risk Factors== Vegetables, meats, and other foods you eat can get infected with the bacteria if they come in contact with contaminated...")
 
m (Bot: Removing from Primary care)
 
(39 intermediate revisions by 10 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
{{Listeriosis}}
{{Listeriosis}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JS}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Risk factors in the development of listeriosis include ingestion of uncooked meats and vegetables, unpasteurized (raw) milk and cheeses, processed (or ready-to-eat) meats, and smoked seafood.<ref name=Sources>Listeria (Listeriosis) Sources. CDC.gov accessed on 7/25/2014 [http://www.cdc.gov/listeria/sources.html]</ref>  Populations at higher risk of developing listeriosis include [[immunosuppressed]] patients (e.g. [[transplant]] recipients, patients with history of [[splenectomy]], patients receiving [[immunosuppressive therapy]], or patients with advanced [[diabetes]], [[kidney disease|kidney]]/ [[liver disease]], or active [[malignancy]]),  [[neonates]], [[pregnant]] women, and elderly patients.<ref name="Lorber-1997">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Lorber | first1 = B. | title = Listeriosis. | journal = Clin Infect Dis | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | pages = 1-9; quiz 10-1 | month = Jan | year = 1997 | doi =  | PMID = 8994747 }}</ref>


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
Vegetables, meats, and other foods you eat can get infected with the bacteria if they come in contact with contaminated soil or manure. Raw milk or products made from raw milk may carry these bacteria. If you eat the contaminated products, you may get sick. Pregnant women, developing fetuses, newborns, and adults with weakened immune systems are at increased risk. The bacteria most often cause a gastrointestinal illness. In some cases, you can develop a blood infection (septicemia) or inflammation of the covering of the brain (meningitis). Infection in early pregnancy generally leads to miscarriage. The bacteria may cross the placenta and infect the developing baby. Infections in late pregnancy may lead to stillbirth or death of the infant within a few hours of birth. About half of infants infected at or near term will die.
===Ingestion of Contaminated Food===
The following foods may be associated with higher risk of developing listeriosis:<ref name=Sources>Listeria (Listeriosis) Sources. CDC.gov accessed on 7/25/2014 [http://www.cdc.gov/listeria/sources.html]</ref>
* Uncooked meats and vegetables
* Unpasteurized (raw) milk and cheeses as well as other foods made from unpasteurized milk
* Cooked or processed foods, including certain soft cheeses
* Processed eady-to-eat meats, such as hot dogs and deli meats (contamination may occur after factory cooking but before packaging or even at the deli counter)
* Smoked seafood
* Mexican-style cheeses (such as queso fresco)
Shown below is a table summarizing low and high risk cheese types.<ref name="www.cdc.gov">{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = CDC - Prevention - Listeriosis | url = http://www.cdc.gov/listeria/prevention.html | publisher =  | date =  | accessdate = }}</ref>
 
{|class="wikitable"
|'''Higher Risk Cheese Type''' || '''Lower Risk Cheese type'''
|-
|Soft cheeses made from unpasteurized (raw) milk, such as:<br>
* Queso fresco
* Blue-veined
* Feta
* Brie
* Camembert
|
* Soft cheeses that are clearly labeled "made from pasteurized milk"
* Processed cheeses
* Cream cheese
* Mozzarella
* Hard cheeses
|}
 
===High Risk Populations===
The following are considered populations at high risk of developing [[listeria]] [[bacteremia]] and neurolisteriosis:<ref name="pmid28139432">{{cite journal |vauthors=Charlier C, Perrodeau É, Leclercq A, Cazenave B, Pilmis B, Henry B, Lopes A, Maury MM, Moura A, Goffinet F, Dieye HB, Thouvenot P, Ungeheuer MN, Tourdjman M, Goulet V, de Valk H, Lortholary O, Ravaud P, Lecuit M |title=Clinical features and prognostic factors of listeriosis: the MONALISA national prospective cohort study |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=28139432 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30521-7 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22157172">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goulet V, Hebert M, Hedberg C, Laurent E, Vaillant V, De Valk H, Desenclos JC |title=Incidence of listeriosis and related mortality among groups at risk of acquiring listeriosis |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=54 |issue=5 |pages=652–60 |year=2012 |pmid=22157172 |doi=10.1093/cid/cir902 |url=}}</ref>
====Pregnant Women====
*[[Pregnant]] women are approximately 10-24 times more likely than the general population to develop listeriosis.<ref name="-2013">{{Cite journal  | title = Vital signs: Listeria illnesses, deaths, and outbreaks--United States, 2009-2011. | journal = MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep | volume = 62 | issue = 22 | pages = 448-52 | month = Jun | year = 2013 | doi =  | PMID = 23739339 }}</ref>
*Approximately 25% to 30% of all ''[[Listeria monocytogenes|Listeria]]'' [[infections]] occur among [[pregnant]] women.
 
====Hispanic Ethnicity====
*Pregnant Hispanic women are approximately 24 times more likely than the general population to develop listeriosis.<ref name="-2013">{{Cite journal  | title = Vital signs: Listeria illnesses, deaths, and outbreaks--United States, 2009-2011. | journal = MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep | volume = 62 | issue = 22 | pages = 448-52 | month = Jun | year = 2013 | doi =  | PMID = 23739339 }}</ref>
*The association between Hispanic ethnicity and listeriosis is unconfirmed and may be confounded by [[pregnancy]].
 
====Neonates====
*[[Neonates]] are at high risk of developing listeriosis.  
*Transmission of ''[[Listeria monocytogenes|Listeria]]'' to [[neonates]] occurs either in-utero or during [[delivery]].
 
====Elderly Individuals====
*More than half (58%) of all ''[[Listeria monocytogenes|Listeria]]'' [[infections]] occur among adults older than 65 years of age.
*Adults 65 years and older are approximately 4 times more likely than the general population to develop listeriosis.<ref name="-2013">{{Cite journal  | title = Vital signs: Listeria illnesses, deaths, and outbreaks--United States, 2009-2011. | journal = MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep | volume = 62 | issue = 22 | pages = 448-52 | month = Jun | year = 2013 | doi =  | PMID = 23739339 }}</ref>
 
====Immnosuppression====
*[[Immunosuppressed]] individuals have a higher risk of developing listeriosis.
*Immunosuppressed conditions include [[organ transplantation]], history of [[splenectomy]], active [[malignancy]], administration of either [[steroids]], [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation]], or [[monoclonal antibodies]], advanced [[Liver Disease|liver]] or [[kidney disease]], [[diabetes mellitus]], or [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]].


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WH}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]

Latest revision as of 22:31, 29 July 2020

Listeriosis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Listeriosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Screening

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

MRI

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Listeriosis risk factors On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Listeriosis risk factors

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Listeriosis risk factors

CDC on Listeriosis risk factors

Listeriosis risk factors in the news

Blogs on Listeriosis risk factors

Directions to Hospitals Treating Listeriosis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Listeriosis risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [3]

Overview

Risk factors in the development of listeriosis include ingestion of uncooked meats and vegetables, unpasteurized (raw) milk and cheeses, processed (or ready-to-eat) meats, and smoked seafood.[1] Populations at higher risk of developing listeriosis include immunosuppressed patients (e.g. transplant recipients, patients with history of splenectomy, patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy, or patients with advanced diabetes, kidney/ liver disease, or active malignancy), neonates, pregnant women, and elderly patients.[2]

Risk Factors

Ingestion of Contaminated Food

The following foods may be associated with higher risk of developing listeriosis:[1]

  • Uncooked meats and vegetables
  • Unpasteurized (raw) milk and cheeses as well as other foods made from unpasteurized milk
  • Cooked or processed foods, including certain soft cheeses
  • Processed eady-to-eat meats, such as hot dogs and deli meats (contamination may occur after factory cooking but before packaging or even at the deli counter)
  • Smoked seafood
  • Mexican-style cheeses (such as queso fresco)

Shown below is a table summarizing low and high risk cheese types.[3]

Higher Risk Cheese Type Lower Risk Cheese type
Soft cheeses made from unpasteurized (raw) milk, such as:
  • Queso fresco
  • Blue-veined
  • Feta
  • Brie
  • Camembert
  • Soft cheeses that are clearly labeled "made from pasteurized milk"
  • Processed cheeses
  • Cream cheese
  • Mozzarella
  • Hard cheeses

High Risk Populations

The following are considered populations at high risk of developing listeria bacteremia and neurolisteriosis:[4][5]

Pregnant Women

  • Pregnant women are approximately 10-24 times more likely than the general population to develop listeriosis.[6]
  • Approximately 25% to 30% of all Listeria infections occur among pregnant women.

Hispanic Ethnicity

  • Pregnant Hispanic women are approximately 24 times more likely than the general population to develop listeriosis.[6]
  • The association between Hispanic ethnicity and listeriosis is unconfirmed and may be confounded by pregnancy.

Neonates

Elderly Individuals

  • More than half (58%) of all Listeria infections occur among adults older than 65 years of age.
  • Adults 65 years and older are approximately 4 times more likely than the general population to develop listeriosis.[6]

Immnosuppression

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Listeria (Listeriosis) Sources. CDC.gov accessed on 7/25/2014 [1]
  2. ↑ Lorber, B. (1997). "Listeriosis". Clin Infect Dis. 24 (1): 1–9, quiz 10-1. PMID 8994747. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ "CDC - Prevention - Listeriosis".
  4. ↑ Charlier C, Perrodeau É, Leclercq A, Cazenave B, Pilmis B, Henry B, Lopes A, Maury MM, Moura A, Goffinet F, Dieye HB, Thouvenot P, Ungeheuer MN, Tourdjman M, Goulet V, de Valk H, Lortholary O, Ravaud P, Lecuit M (2017). "Clinical features and prognostic factors of listeriosis: the MONALISA national prospective cohort study". Lancet Infect Dis. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30521-7. PMID 28139432.
  5. ↑ Goulet V, Hebert M, Hedberg C, Laurent E, Vaillant V, De Valk H, Desenclos JC (2012). "Incidence of listeriosis and related mortality among groups at risk of acquiring listeriosis". Clin. Infect. Dis. 54 (5): 652–60. doi:10.1093/cid/cir902. PMID 22157172.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Vital signs: Listeria illnesses, deaths, and outbreaks--United States, 2009-2011". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 62 (22): 448–52. 2013. PMID 23739339. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Listeriosis_risk_factors&oldid=1640201"