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==Classification==
==Classification==


* Tumors in the eye and orbit can be  
* The most common intraocular cancer in adults is uveal metastases
** [[Benign]] like [[dermoid cyst]]s, or
*'''Melanoma''' is the most common type of primary intraocular cancer in adults
** [[Malignant]] like [[rhabdomyosarcoma]] and [[retinoblastoma]]  
**Uveal melanoma
* Mmost common '''eyelid''' tumor is [[basal cell carcinoma]]
**Can occur in the [[choroid]], [[Iris (anatomy)|iris]] and [[ciliary body]]
* '''Intraocular lymphoma''' is lymphoma that begins in the eyeball
** consider intraocular lymphoma to be a type of central nervous system lymphoma. Most intraocular lymphomas are non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
* Retinoblastoma is a rare form of childhood eye cancer.
* Hemangioma is a benign tumor of the choroid and retina that starts in the blood vessels.
* Conjunctival melanoma is a tumor of the conjunctiva
* Eyelid carcinoma (basal or squamous cell) is a variation of skin cancer.
* '''Lacrimal gland tumor''' is a benign or malignant tumor of the glands that produce tears
*Tumors in the eye and orbit can be  
**[[Benign]] like [[dermoid cyst]]s, or
**[[Malignant]] like [[rhabdomyosarcoma]] and [[retinoblastoma]]
* Most common '''eyelid''' tumor is [[basal cell carcinoma]]
** Can grow around the eye but rarely spreads to other parts of the body
** Can grow around the eye but rarely spreads to other parts of the body
** Other common eyelid cancers are [[squamous carcinoma]], sebaceous carcinoma and [[malignant melanoma]]
** Other common eyelid cancers are [[squamous carcinoma]], sebaceous carcinoma and [[malignant melanoma]]
* Most common malignant primary '''intraocular''' tumor in '''adults''' is [[uveal melanoma]]
** Can occur in the [[choroid]], [[Iris (anatomy)|iris]] and [[ciliary body]]


* Most common malignant '''intraocular''' tumor in '''children''' is [[retinoblastoma]]
* Most common malignant '''intraocular''' tumor in '''children''' is [[retinoblastoma]]
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** Early detection has allowed for cures exceeding 95%
** Early detection has allowed for cures exceeding 95%


* Most common '''orbital''' malignancy is orbital lymphoma
** Can be diagnosed by biopsy with histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis
** Most patients offered [[chemotherapy]] or [[radiation therapy]]
* Orbital [[dermoid cyst]]s
** Benign choristomas
** Usually found at the junction of sutures (most commonly fronto-zygomatic suture)
** Can cause pressure effects on the muscles and optic nerve, leading to diplopia and loss of vision
===Choroidal tumors===
===Choroidal tumors===
* Choroidal [[hemangioma]]
* Choroidal [[hemangioma]]
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[[Risk factor|Risk factors]] that increase the chance of suffering from [[cancer]] of the [[eye]] include:
[[Risk factor|Risk factors]] that increase the chance of suffering from [[cancer]] of the [[eye]] include:


* Light [[skin]] and/or blue [[eyes]]
* Exposure to [[sun]] or tanning beds
* Exposure to [[sun]] or tanning beds
** Increase risk of [[eyelid]] [[Carcinoma|carcinomas]] or [[Melanoma|melanomas]]
** Increase risk of [[eyelid]] [[Carcinoma|carcinomas]] or [[Melanoma|melanomas]]
* Exposure to certain [[Virus|viruses]]  
* Exposure to certain [[Virus|viruses]]  
**[[Human papilloma virus]] may increase the risk of [[squamous cell carcinoma]] of [[conjunctiva]]
**[[Human papilloma virus]] may increase the risk of [[squamous cell carcinoma]] of [[conjunctiva]]
*[[Atypical mole]] and melanoma syndrome (originally called dysplastic nevus syndrome)


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
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[[Category:Ocular neoplasia]]
[[Category:Ocular neoplasia]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
 


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Latest revision as of 06:33, 28 July 2020


Eye Neoplasm Microchapters

Patient Information

Overview

Classification

Choroidal Tumors
Conjunctival Tumors

Causes

Differential Diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Roukoz A. Karam, M.D.[2]

Synonyms and keywords: Eye neoplasm; eye cancer

Overview

Ocular oncology is the branch of medicine dealing with tumors relating to the eye and its adnexa. Cancer of the eye is very rare; however, the most common neoplasm of the eye is ocular melanoma. Eye cancer can affect all parts of the eye.

Classification

  • The most common intraocular cancer in adults is uveal metastases
  • Melanoma is the most common type of primary intraocular cancer in adults
  • Intraocular lymphoma is lymphoma that begins in the eyeball
    • consider intraocular lymphoma to be a type of central nervous system lymphoma. Most intraocular lymphomas are non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
  • Retinoblastoma is a rare form of childhood eye cancer.
  • Hemangioma is a benign tumor of the choroid and retina that starts in the blood vessels.
  • Conjunctival melanoma is a tumor of the conjunctiva
  • Eyelid carcinoma (basal or squamous cell) is a variation of skin cancer.
  • Lacrimal gland tumor is a benign or malignant tumor of the glands that produce tears
  • Tumors in the eye and orbit can be
  • Most common eyelid tumor is basal cell carcinoma
  • Most common malignant intraocular tumor in children is retinoblastoma
    • Affecting approximately 325 children per year in North America
    • Early detection has allowed for cures exceeding 95%

Choroidal tumors

Conjunctival tumors

Risk Factors

Risk factors that increase the chance of suffering from cancer of the eye include:

Diagnosis

  • Nevus - Are benign, freckle in the eye. These should be checked out and regular checks on the eye done to ensure it hasn't turned into a melanoma.
  • Iris and conjuctival tumors (melanomas) - Presents as a dark spot. Any spot which continues to grow on the iris and the conjunctiva should be checked out.
  • Retinoblastoma - Strabismus (crossed eyes), a whitish or yellowish glow through the pupil, decreasing/loss of vision, sometimes the eye may be red and painful. Retinoblastoma can occur in one or both eyes. This tumor occurs in babies and young children. It is called RB for short. Check photographs, normal healthy eyes would have the red eye reflex, but a white/yellow dot instead of the red eye reflex can indicate a tumor or some other kind of eye disease. Any photos of a child/children which have a white/yellow dot instead of the red eye reflex should be checked out.

Related Chapters


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