WBR0445

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Author [[PageAuthor::Serge Korjian M.D. (Reviewed by Alison Leibowitz) (Reviewed by Serge Korjian)]]
Exam Type USMLE Step 1
Main Category Pharmacology
Sub Category Neurology
Prompt A 28-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for excessive somnolence and impaired motor function. Suspecting a benzodiazepine overdose, flumazenil is immediately administered. A few seconds following the administration of flumazenil, the patient’s wife arrives to the emergency department and confirms that her husband likely attempted suicide by ingesting a handful of her anxiety pills which include lorazepam and fluoxetine. Which of the following symptoms will the patient most likely experience following the administration of flumazenil?
Answer A Seizure
Answer A Explanation The use of flumazenil, when a benzodiazepine (BZD) is co-ingested with TCA, often manifests with seizures.
Answer B Chest pain
Answer B Explanation Chest pain is not an adverse effect of flumazenil use in this scenario.
Answer C Excessive sedation
Answer C Explanation Flumazenil is expected to reverse the excessive sedation that is caused by benzodiazepines.
Answer D Renal failure
Answer D Explanation Renal failure is not an adverse effect of flumazenil use in this scenario.
Answer E Acalculous cholecystitis
Answer E Explanation Acalculous cholecystitis is not an adverse effect of flumazenil use in this scenario.
Right Answer A
Explanation [[Explanation::Flumazenil is a GABAA receptor antagonist used primarily for the treatment of benzodiazepine overdoses. Flumazenil should be used carefully in patients who have a history of seizures, such as epilepsy, or when there is suspicion of a mixed overdose. The use of flumazenil, when a benzodiazepine is co-ingested with tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), often manifests with seizures, a side effect of TCAs. The seizure is not believed to be a side effect of flumazenil itself, rather one of TCAs that occurs when the effect of the benzodiazepine is reversed but that of the TCA is not.

Educational Objective: The use of flumazenil, when a benzodiazepine is co-ingested with tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), often manifests with seizures. The seizure is not believed to be a side effect of flumazenil itself, rather one of tricyclic antidepressants that occurs when the effect of a benzodiazepine is reversed.
References: Spivey WH. Flumazenil and seizures: analysis of 43 cases. Clin Ther. 1992; 14(2):292-305.
Haverkos GP, DiSalvo RP, Imhoff TE. Fatal seizures after flumazenil administration in a patient with mixed overdose. Ann Pharmacother. 1994;28(12):1347-9.]]

Approved Yes
Keyword Benzodiazepine, Tricyclic antidepressant, Flumazenil, Seizure, Mixed overdose, Suicide
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