Vitamin D deficiency prevention
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Overview
Vitamin D is recommended for everyone to prevent vitamin D deficiency. The current guideline by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 600 IU/d for healthy individuals between 1-70 years of age and 800 IU/d for elderly over 70.
Prevention
Effective measures for the primary prevention of vitamin D deficiency include dietary intake and cutaneous synthesis. Cutaneous synthesis requires enough sun exposure and it depends on multiple factors including season, latitude, altitude, duration and skin pigmentation. However, there is a concern regarding sun exposure that increases skin cancer. So, it is not recommended to prevent vitamin D deficiency.[1][2]
- In 2011, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended 600 IU/d of vitamin D for healthy persons over 1 year of age until 70. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin D for individuals over 70 years of age is 800 IU/d. RDA for pregnant and lactating women is the same as for nonpregnant adults.[3]
- The National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) recommends higer dose 800-1000 IU/d of vitamin D for adults age 50 and older.[4]
- In the UK, the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) recommends 400 IU/d of vitamin D (10 micrograms) for everyone above one year of age. Infants, from birth up to one year of age, as a precaution, should consume 340-400 IU/d of vitamin D (8.5-10 micrograms).[5]
- For the Europeans, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), published the recommendation as follows:[6]
- Infants aged 7-11 months: 10 µg/day
- For all other population groups aged one year and more (including pregnant/lactating women): 15 µg/day
References
- ↑ Holick, Michael F.; Binkley, Neil C.; Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.; Gordon, Catherine M.; Hanley, David A.; Heaney, Robert P.; Murad, M. Hassan; Weaver, Connie M. (2011). "Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 96 (7): 1911–1930. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0385. ISSN 0021-972X.
- ↑ "Overview of Vitamin D - Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D - NCBI Bookshelf".
- ↑ Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium; Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, et al., editors. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011. 5, Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy: Calcium and Vitamin D. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56056/
- ↑ Cosman, F.; de Beur, S. J.; LeBoff, M. S.; Lewiecki, E. M.; Tanner, B.; Randall, S.; Lindsay, R. (2014). "Clinician's Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis". Osteoporosis International. 25 (10): 2359–2381. doi:10.1007/s00198-014-2794-2. ISSN 0937-941X.
- ↑ "SACN vitamin D and health report - GOV.UK".
- ↑ "Joint note by SACN and EFSA" (PDF).