Vitamin D deficiency

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Vitamin D deficiency Microchapters

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]

Synonyms and keywords: Hypovitaminosis D; Low vitamin D

Overview

The definition and criteria for vitamin D deficiency are very difficult. Per a narrative review, "over 60 Mendelian randomization studies, designed to minimize bias from confounding, have evaluated the consequences of lifelong genetically lowered serum 25OHD concentrations on various outcomes and most studies have found null effects"[1].

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Vitamin D deficiency from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic study of choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Electrocardiogram | Laboratory Findings | X-Ray Findings | Echocardiography and Ultrasound | CT-Scan Findings | MRI Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies | Other Imaging Findings

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

References

  1. Bouillon R, Manousaki D, Rosen C, Trajanoska K, Rivadeneira F, Richards JB (2022). "The health effects of vitamin D supplementation: evidence from human studies". Nat Rev Endocrinol. 18 (2): 96–110. doi:10.1038/s41574-021-00593-z. PMC 8609267 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 34815552 Check |pmid= value (help).