Traumatic brain injury historical perspective

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Deekshitha Manney, M.D.[[2]]

Overview

Traumatic brain injury has been as ancient as prehistoric era. Human beings know about the effects traumatic brain injury since the inception of community. The understanding has only got better and with that the treatment. In modern times, TBI is thought to be a public health issue.

Historical Perspective

• Head injury and the immediate after effects has been known to humanity since the earliest civilizations and has been discussed in almost all civilizations.
• Head injuries were found in areas where weapons such as spears are more prevalent, suggesting war as primary reason for TBI just like modern times. There were biblical references about traumatic brain injury.
• The anatomy of head injuries and their treatment was discussed in the oldest known surgical literature of Egypt, the papyrus.
• Trephination is perhaps the oldest invasive procedure done for traumatic brain injury, and it was used to clear the blood from the skull after the injuries. Over the ages, the technique of craniotomy has only become more advanced.
• The effects of mild TBI such as concussion was first described in Greek text and, in 10th century, a Persian author differentiated concussion from other TBI.
• In modern medicine, the concept of concussion was widely spread during war times and most importantly in the recent times after a Hollywood movie actor will smith's The concussion (2015). With more media attention, concussions are now being identified as a public health crisis associated with the famous national football league, NFL and the presence of sport in schools.

Famous cases

• Muhammad Ali
• James Brady
• Phineas Gage
• Lady Gaga
• Roald Dahl
• Jackie Chan
• Richard Hammond
• Gary Busey

References

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