Spina bifida natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
Prognosis of patients with spina bifida is generally poor. Early clinical features of spina bifida include: Weakness or paralysis in the legs, Urinary incontinence, Bowel incontinence, Sensation problems in the lower extremity, Motor problems in the lower extrimity and Hydrocephalus. If left untreated, 50% of patients with congenital anomalies, especially spina bifida may die soon after birth in the underdeveloped countries. Renal failure is the commonest cause of death in patients with spina bifida. Common complications of [disease name] include: Cardiac disease, Respiratory disease, Suicidality and Cancer.
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
- Prognosis of patients with spina bifida is generally poor.
- Early clinical features include:[1][2][3]
- Weakness or paralysis in the legs.
- Urinary incontinence
- Bowel incontinence
- Sensation problems in the lower extremity
- Motor problems in the lower extrimity
- Hydrocephalus
- If left untreated, 50% of patients with congenital anomalies, especially spina bifida may die soon after birth in the underdeveloped countries.[4]
- Renal failure is the commonest cause of death in patients with spina bifida.[4]
- Common complications of [disease name] include:[4]
- Cardiac disease
- Respiratory disease
- Suicidality
- Cancer
References
- ↑ Soonawala N, Overweg-Plandsoen WC, Brouwer OF (March 1999). "Early clinical signs and symptoms in occult spinal dysraphism: a retrospective case study of 47 patients". Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 101 (1): 11–4. PMID 10350196.
- ↑ Bannur BB, Purandare GM (February 1969). "Microbial production of L-lysine". Hindustan Antibiot Bull. 11 (3): 191–205. PMID 4898641.
- ↑ Horton D, Barnes P, Pendleton BD, Pollay M (January 1989). "Spina bifida occulta: early clinical and radiographic diagnosis". J Okla State Med Assoc. 82 (1): 15–9. PMID 2647936.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Kozlowski BW, Taylor ML, Baer MT, Blyler EM, Trahms C (August 1987). "Anticonvulsant medication use and circulating levels of total thyroxine, retinol binding protein, and vitamin A in children with delayed cognitive development". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 46 (2): 360–8. doi:10.1093/ajcn/46.2.360. PMID 2441590.