Sandbox:Ifeoma Anaya
| Types of urinary incontinence | Details |
|---|---|
| Physiological | It is expected and seen as a norm in the early years.
Requires a minimum age of 5 years, at least one event in a month, and a minimum period of 3 months. Persisting beyond the age of 5 years is termed pathological. However, there are the 'late developers' who continue to experience physiologic urinary incontinence beyond the age of 5 years. Clinical evaluation of these kids remains normal. |
| Pathological | Organic: usually uncommon. In-depth investigations needed to be identified more so in cases that have not responded to conventional treatment |
| Functional or psychosomatic urinary incontinence: includes all forms of pathological urinary incontinence without anatomic or neurologic defects. Manifestations of which have been subdivided into: | |
| Monosymtomatic enuresis(MEN): These kids have never had a dry period of >6 months and in the absence of any bladder dysfunction or symptoms suggestive of lower urinary tract issues | |
| Non-monosymptomatic enuresis Nocturna(Non-MEN): diurnal presentation with an urge, frequency, and enuresis. |
| Non-Infectious | Disease |
|---|---|
| Immune-mediated/Autoimmune | Kawasaki Disease
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis Juvenile Dermatomyositis |
| Drug-related eruptions | Erythema multiforme
SJS TEN |
| Infectious | Disease | Causative Organism |
|---|---|---|
| Viral | Measles
German Measles Erythema infectiosum Roseola infantum Herpangina Hand-foot-and-mouth disease Molluscum contagiosum Chickenpox |
Rubeola
Rubella Parvovirus B19 Human Herpes Virus 6 & 7 Coxsackie virus Coxsackie virus Poxvirus Varicella Zoster virus |
| Bacterial | Meningococcemia |
Neisseria meningitidis
Hemophilus influenzae Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
| RMSF | Rickettsia rickettsii | |
| HUS | Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC) | |
| Scarlet Fever | Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococci, GAS) | |
| Disseminated gonococcal disease in adolescents | Neiserria gonorrhoea | |
| SSSS
TSS |
Staphylococcus aureus | |
| Lyme disease | Borrelia burgdorferi | |
| Relapsing fever | Borrelia recurrentis | |
| Protozoan | Babesiosis | Babesia microti |
| Fungal | Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis Coccidiodomycosis Paracoccidiodomycosis |
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis Coccidioides immitis Paracoccidioides brasiliensis |
| Fever + Rash Morphology | Disease |
|---|---|
| Non-blanching lesions | a. Meningococcemia
b. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) c. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) d. Henoch-Schőnlein Purpura (HSP) |
| Blanching rash | a. Kawasaki disease
b. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis c. Juvenile Dermatomyositis |
| Vesicular or bullous lesions | a. Erythema multiforme
b. Steven-Johnson-Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epridermal Necrolysis (TEN) c. Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) d. Disseminated gonococcal disease in adolescents e. HSV I & II |
| Umbilicated papules and pustules | a. Molluscum contagiosum
b. Varicella/Chickenpox |
| Sandpaper rash | a. Scarlet fever |
| Viral syndromes | a. Measles (Rubeola)
b. Rubella (German measles) c. Erythema infectiosum (Parvovirus B-19) d. Herpangina (Coxsackie) e. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (Coxsackie) f. Roseola infantum (Human Herpes Virus types 6 or 7) |
| Unclassified/Limited to certain geographical areas | a. Babesiosis
b. Blastomycosis c. Coccidiodomycosis d. Histoplasmosis e. Colorado Tick Fever f. Lyme disease g. Relapsing fever h. Colorado Tick Fever |
There are several types of skin rashes classified based on size, consistency, color, etc. Below are some of the common ones encountered in clinical practice.
| Type of Rash/Lesion | Description |
|---|---|
| Macule | flat, circumscribed, usually <1cm in diameter |
| Papule | raised/elevated lesion <1cm in diameter |
| Maculopapular | combination of both macules and papulus |
| Nodule | papule in deeper dermis or subcutaneous tissue |
| Pustule | circumscribed raised lesion containing purulent material |
| Vesicle | circumscribed elevated skin lesion usually <1cm containing fluid |
| Bulla | Bigger vesicle (>1cm and containing fluid) |
| Purpura | non-blanching papules or macules due to extravasation of RBCs |
| Petechiae | non-blanching pinpoint unraised spots usually measuring <2mm in size |
| classification | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SCC | ||||
| BCC | ||||
| Melanoma | ||||
Practice here
| Criteria | Symptomatic WM | Asymptomatic WM | IgM-Related Disorders | MGUS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IgM monoclonal protein | + | + | + | + |
| Bone marrow infiltration | + | + | - | - |
| Symptoms attributable to IgM | + | - | + | - |
| Symptoms attributable to tumor infiltration | + | - | - | - |
|
Urinary incontinence in children Microchapters |