Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis was first documented in Australia in 1965.[1][2] In the United States, there have been 128 PAM infections from 1962 through 2012 with only one survivor. These infections have primarily occurred in 15 southern-tier states, with more than half of all infections occurring in Texas and Florida.
Historical Perspective
- Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis was first documented in Australia in 1965.[1][2] In 1966, four cases were reported in the USA. By 1968 the causative organism, previously thought to be a species of Acanthamoeba or Hartmanella, was identified as Naegleria. This same year, occurrence of 16 cases over period of two years (1963–1965) was reported in Ústí nad Labem.[3] In 1970, the species of amoeba was named N. fowleri.[4]
- In 2010, a 7-year-old girl in Stillwater, Minnesota died of the disease.[5]
- In August 2010, 7-year-old Kyle Lewis died after contracting the protist from swimming in Lake Granbury and warm water near Glen Rose, Texas. Texas authorities say this is the tenth case since 2000.[6]
- In August 2011, a 16-year-old girl in Mims, Florida died after swimming in the St. John's River a week earlier. Doctors found N. fowleri in her cerebral spinal fluid.[7]
- As of December 2011, two individuals in Louisiana died after inhaling infected tap water while using a neti pot.[8][9]
- In July 2012, an 8 year old boy from Sumter, SC died after swimming in Lake Marion (South Carolina).[10]
- In southern part of Pakistan, 8 people died within a week of July 2012.[11]
- In August 2012, Jack Ariola Erenberg, a 9 year old boy from Stillwater, Minnesota, died after swimming in Lily Lake near his home.[12]
- In August 2012, Waylon Abel, 30, of Loogootee IN died after swimming in West Boggs Lake near his home.[13]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fowler M, Carter RF (1965). "Acute pyogenic meningitis probably due to Acanthamoeba sp.: a preliminary report". Br Med J. 2 (5464): 740–2. PMC 1846173. PMID 5825411. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Symmers WC (1969). "Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in Britain". Br Med J. 4 (5681): 449–54. doi:10.1136/bmj.4.5681.449. PMC 1630535. PMID 5354833. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Červa L. (5 April 1968). "Ameobic meningoencephalitis: sixteen fatalities". Science. 160 (3823): 92. doi:10.1126/science.160.3823.92. PMID 5642317. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help); Check date values in:|year= / |date= mismatch(help) - ↑ Gutierrez, Yezid (15). "Chapter 6: Free Living Amebae". Diagnostic Pathology of Parasitic Infections with Clinical Correlations (2 ed.). USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 114–115. ISBN 0-19-512143-0. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help); Check date values in:|date=, |year= / |date= mismatch(help) - ↑ "Stillwater girl dies of very rare form of meningitis". Minneapolis Star Tribune. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
- ↑ "Tarrant County resident dies from amoeba infection". Pegasus News. August 31, 2010. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ↑ "Florida teen, Courtney Nash, dies from rare brain parasite". NY Daily News. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
- ↑ Stobbe, Mike. "Two die of rare brain infection from amoeba in water in neti pot". Retrieved 19 December 2011.
- ↑ "Neti Pot Deaths Linked to Brain-Eating Amoeba in Tap Water". Yahoo!. Associated Press. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
- ↑ "Sumter boy dies of rare brain infection". The State. Text "accessdate 19 July 2012" ignored (help)
- ↑ "8 dies in Karachi due to Naegleria". Retrieved 2012-7-19. Check date values in:
|accessdate=(help) - ↑ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2186295/Jack-Ariola-9-killed-contracting-brain-eating-amoeba-Lily-Lake-Minnesota.html
- ↑ http://washtimesherald.com/local/x620788801/Beach-closed-Autopsy-confirms-rare-parasite