Hypoaldosteronism classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Hypoaldosteronism may be classified on the basis of plasma renin levels into hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism and hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism. Hypoaldosteronism can also be classified on the basis of plasma aldosterone levels into aldosterone deficiency and aldosterone resistance.
Classification
Hypoaldosteronism may be classified on the basis of plasma renin levels into hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism and hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism. Hypoaldosteronism can also be classified on the basis of plasma aldosterone levels into aldosterone deficiency and aldosterone resistance.[1][2][3][4]
Based on the level of plasma renin
Hypoaldosteronism can be classified on the basis of plasma renin activity into hyporeninemic or hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism.
| Hypoaldosteronism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism | Hyperreninemic Hypoaldosteronism | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • Renal insufficiency • Diabetic nephropathy • Sickle cell disease | • Addison's disease • Any severe illness such as malignancy or sepsis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Based on the level of aldosterone
Hypoaldosteronism can also be classified on the basis of level of aldosterone.
| Hypoaldosteronism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aldosterone deficiency | Aldosterone resistance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • Renal insufficiency • Adrenal insufficiency • Diabetic nephropathy • Sickle cell disease • Critical illness • Congenital isolated hypoaldosteronism • Drugs such as ACEi, ARBs and Heparin | • Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 • Aldosterone antagonists • Epithelial sodium channel blockers • Calcineurin inhibitors | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ Batlle, Daniel; Kurtzman, Neil A. (1982). "Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis: Pathogenesis and Classification". American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 1 (6): 328–344. doi:10.1016/S0272-6386(82)80004-8. ISSN 0272-6386.
- ↑ Diederich S, Mai K, Bähr V, Helffrich S, Pfeiffer A, Perschel FH (2007). "The simultaneous measurement of plasma-aldosterone- and -renin-concentration allows rapid classification of all disorders of the renin-aldosterone system". Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes. 115 (7): 433–8. doi:10.1055/s-2007-973061. PMID 17647140.
- ↑ Brewster UC, Perazella MA (2004). "The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the kidney: effects on kidney disease". Am. J. Med. 116 (4): 263–72. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.09.034. PMID 14969655.
- ↑ Nimkarn S, Lin-Su K, Berglind N, Wilson RC, New MI (2007). "Aldosterone-to-renin ratio as a marker for disease severity in 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92 (1): 137–42. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0964. PMID 17032723.