Hepatic encephalopathy risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
Common risk factors leading to the development of hepatic encephalopathy include cirrhosis, acute hepatic failure, portacaval shunt, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Less common risk factors include, epilepsy, diabetes mellitus, hyponatremia, renal failure, hyperbilirubinemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, sepsis and hypovolemia.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors
- Common risk factors leading to the development of hepatic encephalopathy include:[1][2][3][4]
Less common risk factors
- Less common risk factors leading to the development of hepatic encephalopathy include:[5][6][7]
References
- ↑ Djiambou-Nganjeu H (2017). "Hepatic Encephalopathy in Liver Cirrhosis". J Transl Int Med. 5 (1): 64–67. doi:10.1515/jtim-2017-0013. PMC 5490964. PMID 28680841.
- ↑ Acharya SK (2015). "Management in acute liver failure". J Clin Exp Hepatol. 5 (Suppl 1): S104–15. doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2014.11.005. PMC 4442864. PMID 26041950.
- ↑ Ferenci P (2017). "Hepatic encephalopathy". Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 5 (2): 138–147. doi:10.1093/gastro/gox013. PMC 5421503. PMID 28533911.
- ↑ Bleibel W, Al-Osaimi AM (2012). "Hepatic encephalopathy". Saudi J Gastroenterol. 18 (5): 301–9. doi:10.4103/1319-3767.101123. PMC 3500018. PMID 23006457.
- ↑ Jepsen P, Christensen J, Weissenborn K, Watson H, Vilstrup H (2016). "Epilepsy as a risk factor for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a cohort study". BMC Gastroenterol. 16 (1): 77. doi:10.1186/s12876-016-0487-3. PMC 4960784. PMID 27457247.
- ↑ Guevara M, Baccaro ME, Ríos J, Martín-Llahí M, Uriz J, Ruiz del Arbol L; et al. (2010). "Risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites: relevance of serum sodium concentration". Liver Int. 30 (8): 1137–42. doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02293.x. PMID 20602681.
- ↑ Jepsen P, Watson H, Andersen PK, Vilstrup H (2015). "Diabetes as a risk factor for hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis patients". J Hepatol. 63 (5): 1133–8. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.07.007. PMID 26206073.