Dyspnea with Stridor
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]
Abbreviations: ABG (arterial blood gas); ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme); BMI (body mass index); CBC (complete blood count); CSF (cerebrospinal fluid); CXR (chest X-ray); ECG (electrocardiogram); FEF (forced expiratory flow rate); FEV1 (forced expiratory volume); FVC (forced vital capacity); JVD (jugular vein distention); MCV (mean corpuscular volume); Plt (platelet); RV (residual volume); SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone); TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone); Vt (tidal volume); WBC (white blood cell);
| Diseases | Clinical manifestations | Diagnosis | Other features | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms | Physical exam | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss of consciousness | Agitation | Weight loss | Fever | Chest pain | Cough | Cyanosis | Clubbing | JVD | Peripheral edema | Auscultation | CBC | ABG | Imaging | Spirometry | Gold standard | ||
| Croup[1] | - | + | - | +/- | - | + | + | - | - | - | Stridor | ↑WBC | Normal | Steeple sign | Normal | Physical exam | Barking cough |
| Epiglottitis[2] | - | + | - | + | - | + | - | - | - | - | Stridor | ↑WBC | Normal | Thumb sign | Normal | Laryngoscopy | Drooling |
| Vocal cord dysfunction[3] | - | - | - | - | - | +/- | - | - | - | - | Stridor | Normal | Normal | Normal | ↓ FVC | Laryngoscopy | Choking sensation |
| Laryngeal adenocarcinoma[4] | - | - | + | - | - | +/- | - | - | - | - | Stridor | Normal | ↓O2, ↑CO2 | Retropharyngeal tissue thickness | Normal | Laryngoscopy | Choking sensation |
| Tracheal stenosis[5] | - | - | - | - | +/- | +/- | + | + | - | - | Stridor, Stertorous | Normal | ↓O2, ↑CO2 | Soft tissue thickening internal to normal-appearing tracheal cartilage | Normal | Bronchoscopy | Respiratory distress |
References
- ↑ Bjornson CL, Johnson DW (2013). "Croup in children". CMAJ. 185 (15): 1317–23. doi:10.1503/cmaj.121645. PMC 3796596. PMID 23939212.
- ↑ Negus VE (1927). "The Function of the Epiglottis". J Anat. 62 (Pt 1): 1–8. PMC 1250045. PMID 17104162.
- ↑ Wood RP, Milgrom H (September 1996). "Vocal cord dysfunction". J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 98 (3): 481–5. PMID 8828523.
- ↑ Schwenk NR, Schapira RM, Byrd JC (November 1994). "Laryngeal carcinoma presenting as platypnea". Chest. 106 (5): 1609–11. PMID 7956433.
- ↑ Conti V, Calia N, Pasquini C, Zardi S, Finetti C, Stomeo F, Ravenna F (April 2013). "[Chronic cough and worsening dyspnea: a case of idiopathic tracheal stenosis]". Recenti Prog Med (in Italian). 104 (4): 156–8. doi:10.1701/1271.14026. PMID 23748638.