Drowning classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Classification
Near Drowning
Near drowning is the survival of a drowning event involving unconsciousness or water inhalation and can lead to serious secondary complications, including death, after the event. Cases of near drowning are often given attention by medical professionals.
Secondary Drowning
Secondary drowning is death due to chemical or biological changes in the lungs after a near drowning incident.
Dry Drowning
Dry drowning is when a person's lungs become unable to extract oxygen from the air, due primarily to:
- Muscular paralysis
- Puncture wound to the torso (affecting ability of diaphragm to create respiratory movement)
- Changes to the oxygen-absorbing tissues
- Persistence of laryngospasm when immersed in fluid
The person may effectively drown without any sort of fluid. In cases of dry drowning in which the victim was immersed, very little fluid is aspirated into the lungs. The laryngospasm reflex essentially causes asphyxiation and neurogenic pulmonary oedema. Dry drowning can occur clinically, or due to illness or accident, or be deliberately (and repeatedly) induced in torture (waterboarding). It can be traumatizing, and it can be deadly