Chronic stable angina chest x-ray

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Classic
Chronic Stable Angina
Atypical
Walk through Angina
Mixed Angina
Nocturnal Angina
Postprandial Angina
Cardiac Syndrome X
Vasospastic Angina

Differentiating Chronic Stable Angina from Acute Coronary Syndromes

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Stratification

Pretest Probability of CAD in a Patient with Angina

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Laboratory Findings

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Chest X Ray

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Alternative Therapies for Refractory Angina

Transmyocardial Revascularization (TMR)
Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS)
Enhanced External Counter Pulsation (EECP)
ACC/AHA Guidelines for Alternative Therapies in patients with Refractory Angina

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Noninvasive Testing in Asymptomatic Patients
Risk Stratification by Coronary Angiography
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Smita Kohli, M.D.; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.

Overview

Routine chest x-ray examination is important in the evaluation of patients with signs or symptoms of congestive heart failure,[1] valvular heart disease, pericardial disease, or aortic dissection/aneurysm. The presentation of cardiomegaly, characterized by pulmonary congestion on a chest x-ray, is indicative of a poor prognosis for the patient.[2]

ACC/AHA/ACP–ASIM Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina (DO NOT EDIT)[3]

Noninvasive Testing-Chest X-Ray (DO NOT EDIT)[3]

Class I
"1. Chest x-ray in patients with signs or symptoms of congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease, pericardial disease, or aortic dissection/aneurysm. (Level of Evidence: B)"
Class IIa
"1. Chest x-ray in patients with signs or symptoms of pulmonary disease. (Level of Evidence: B)"
Class IIb
"1. Chest x-ray in other patients. (Level of Evidence: C)"

ESC Guidelines- Chest X-Ray for Initial Diagnostic Assessment of Angina (DO NOT EDIT)[4]

Class I
"1. CXR in patients with suspected heart failure. (Level of Evidence: C)"
"2. CXR in patients with clinical evidence of significant pulmonary disease. (Level of Evidence: B)"

References

  1. Chakko S, Woska D, Martinez H, de Marchena E, Futterman L, Kessler KM et al. (1991) Clinical, radiographic, and hemodynamic correlations in chronic congestive heart failure: conflicting results may lead to inappropriate care. Am J Med 90 (3):353-9. PMID: 1825901
  2. Hemingway H, Shipley M, Christie D, Marmot M (1998) Cardiothoracic ratio and relative heart volume as predictors of coronary heart disease mortality. The Whitehall study 25 year follow-up. Eur Heart J 19 (6):859-69. PMID: 9651709
  3. 3.0 3.1 Gibbons RJ, Chatterjee K, Daley J, Douglas JS, Fihn SD, Gardin JM; et al. (1999). "ACC/AHA/ACP-ASIM guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: executive summary and recommendations. A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients with Chronic Stable Angina)". Circulation. 99 (21): 2829–48. PMID 10351980.
  4. Fox K, Garcia MA, Ardissino D, Buszman P, Camici PG, Crea F; et al. (2006). "Guidelines on the management of stable angina pectoris: executive summary: The Task Force on the Management of Stable Angina Pectoris of the European Society of Cardiology". Eur Heart J. 27 (11): 1341–81. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl001. PMID 16735367.

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