Bradycardia risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of bradycardia include congenital heart disease, infection of the heart tissue, heart surgery, hypothyroidism or other metabolic condition, damage caused by a heart attack or heart disease, electrolyte imbalance in the blood, obstructive sleep apnea, inflammatory diseases (rheumatic fever or lupus).
Risk Factors
Common Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of bradycardia include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
- Sinus node dysfunction
- Drugs that are used to manage atrial fibrillation (AF), which include drugs like amiodarone.
- Congenital heart disease
- Infection of the heart tissue
- Heart surgery
- Hypothyroidism or other metabolic condition
- Damage caused by a heart attack or heart disease
- Electrolyte imbalance in the blood
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Inflammatory diseases (rheumatic fever or lupus)
Less Common Risk Factors
Less common risk factors in the development of bradycardia include:
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Smoking
- Heavy alcohol use
- Use of recreational drugs
- Psychological stress or anxiety
References
- ↑ Barrett TW, Abraham RL, Jenkins CA, Russ S, Storrow AB, Darbar D (2012). "Risk factors for bradycardia requiring pacemaker implantation in patients with atrial fibrillation". Am J Cardiol. 110 (9): 1315–21. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.06.037. PMC 3470776. PMID 22840846.
- ↑ Van Gelder IC, Groenveld HF, Crijns HJ, Tuininga YS, Tijssen JG, Alings AM; et al. (2010). "Lenient versus strict rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation". N Engl J Med. 362 (15): 1363–73. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1001337. PMID 20231232. Review in: Evid Based Med. 2010 Oct;15(5):147-8 Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2010 Aug 17;153(4):JC2-4
- ↑ Dorian P (2010). "Rate control in atrial fibrillation". N Engl J Med. 362 (15): 1439–41. doi:10.1056/NEJMe1002301. PMID 20231233.
- ↑ Essebag V, Hadjis T, Platt RW, Pilote L (2003). "Amiodarone and the risk of bradyarrhythmia requiring permanent pacemaker in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation and prior myocardial infarction". J Am Coll Cardiol. 41 (2): 249–54. doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02709-2. PMID 12535818.
- ↑ Essebag V, Reynolds MR, Hadjis T, Lemery R, Olshansky B, Buxton AE; et al. (2007). "Sex differences in the relationship between amiodarone use and the need for permanent pacing in patients with atrial fibrillation". Arch Intern Med. 167 (15): 1648–53. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.15.1648. PMC 2424189. PMID 17698688.
- ↑ Sweeney MO, Bank AJ, Nsah E, Koullick M, Zeng QC, Hettrick D; et al. (2007). "Minimizing ventricular pacing to reduce atrial fibrillation in sinus-node disease". N Engl J Med. 357 (10): 1000–8. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa071880. PMID 17804844.
- ↑ Cheung, Christopher C.; Martyn, Alan; Campbell, Norman; Frost, Shaun; Gilbert, Kenneth; Michota, Franklin; Seal, Douglas; Ghali, William; Khan, Nadia A. (2015). "Predictors of Intraoperative Hypotension and Bradycardia". The American Journal of Medicine. 128 (5): 532–538. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.11.030. ISSN 0002-9343.