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==Overview==
==Overview==
Vertigo is typically classified into one of two categories depending on the location of the damaged vestibular pathway. These are peripheral or central vertigo. Each category has a distinct set of characteristics and associated findings. Vertigo can also occur after long flights or boat journeys where the mind gets used to turbulence, resulting in a person feeling as if they are moving up and down. This usually subsides after a few days.
Vertigo is typically classified into one of two categories depending on the location of the damaged [[Vestibular system|vestibular pathway]]. These are peripheral or central vertigo. It can also be classified into 3 sub groups based on duration of vertigo. Each category has a distinct set of characteristics and associated findings.


==Classification==
==Classification==
 
Vertigo may be classified according to location of dysfunction into 2 subtypes and according to time course/duration into 3 subtypes:{{familytree/start |summary=Sample 1}}
{{familytree/start |summary=Sample 1}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | A01 |A01=Classification of Vertigo<ref name="Dieterich2007">{{cite journal|last1=Dieterich|first1=Marianne|title=Central vestibular disorders|journal=Journal of Neurology|volume=254|issue=5|year=2007|pages=559–568|issn=0340-5354|doi=10.1007/s00415-006-0340-7}}</ref><ref name="Karatas2008">{{cite journal|last1=Karatas|first1=Mehmet|title=Central Vertigo and Dizziness|journal=The Neurologist|volume=14|issue=6|year=2008|pages=355–364|issn=1074-7931|doi=10.1097/NRL.0b013e31817533a3}}</ref><ref name="Guerraz2001">{{cite journal|last1=Guerraz|first1=M.|title=Visual vertigo: symptom assessment, spatial orientation and postural control|journal=Brain|volume=124|issue=8|year=2001|pages=1646–1656|issn=14602156|doi=10.1093/brain/124.8.1646}}</ref>}}  
{{familytree | | | | | | | | A01 |A01=Classification of Vertigo<ref name="Dieterich2007">{{cite journal|last1=Dieterich|first1=Marianne|title=Central vestibular disorders|journal=Journal of Neurology|volume=254|issue=5|year=2007|pages=559–568|issn=0340-5354|doi=10.1007/s00415-006-0340-7}}</ref><ref name="Karatas2008">{{cite journal|last1=Karatas|first1=Mehmet|title=Central Vertigo and Dizziness|journal=The Neurologist|volume=14|issue=6|year=2008|pages=355–364|issn=1074-7931|doi=10.1097/NRL.0b013e31817533a3}}</ref><ref name="Guerraz2001">{{cite journal|last1=Guerraz|first1=M.|title=Visual vertigo: symptom assessment, spatial orientation and postural control|journal=Brain|volume=124|issue=8|year=2001|pages=1646–1656|issn=14602156|doi=10.1093/brain/124.8.1646}}</ref>}}  
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | | }}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | | }}
{{familytree | | | B01 | | | | | | | | B02 | | |B01=Based on Location of Dysfunction|B02=Time Course/Duration}}
{{familytree | | | B01 | | | | | | | | B02 | | |B01=Based on Location of Dysfunction|B02=Time Course/Duration}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|.| | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 | | C05 |C01='''Peripheral''':Lesion in inner ear or vestibulocochlear nerve|C02='''Central''':Lesion in brainstem or cerebellum|C03=Lasting a Day or Longer|C04=Lasting Minutes to Hours|C05=Lasting Seconds}}
{{familytree | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 | | C05 |C01=Peripheral|C02=Central|C03=Lasting a Day or Longer|C04=Lasting Minutes to Hours|C05=Lasting Seconds}}
{{familytree | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!|}}
{{familytree | D01 | | D02 | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| |D01=Lesion in inner ear or vestibulocochlear nerve|D02=Lesion in brainstem or cerebellum}}
{{familytree | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| }}
{{familytree | E01 | | E02 | | E03 | | E04 | | E05 |E01=[[Ménière’s disease]]<br>[[Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo]]<br>[[Acute]] [[labyrinthitis]]<br>[[Acute]] [[vestibular neuronitis]]<br>[[Cholesteatoma]]<br>[[Otosclerosis]]<br>[[Perilymphatic fistula]]<br>[[Acoustic Neuroma]]|E02=[[Brainstem]] [[Stroke]]<br>Vestibular [[Migraine]]<br>[[Multiple Sclerosis]]<br>Cerebellar [[ischemia]] or [[hemorrhage]]<br>[[Cerebellar]] [[tumors]]<br>[[Lateral medullary syndrome]]<br>[[Chiari malformation]]|E03=[[Vestibular neuronitis]]<br>Vertebrobasilar ischemia with labyrinth infarct<br> [[Brainstem]] [[stroke]]<br> Inferior cerebellar infarct/bleed|E04=[[Ménière’s disease]]<br>Vertebrobasilar [[transient ischemic attack]] (TIA)<br>[[Migraine]] [[Headache]]<br>[[Perilymph fistula]]|E05=[[Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]]}}
{{familytree/end}}
{{familytree/end}}
{{familytree | |!| | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|.|}}
{{familytree | E01 | | | | | E02 | | E03 | | | E04 |E01=Lesion in inner ear or vestibulocochlear nerve|E02=Lasting a Day or Longer|E03=Lasting Minutes to Hours|E04=Lasting Seconds}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |!| }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | E01 | | | E02 |E01=F01|E02=F02}}
{{familytree/end}}
{{familytree/start}}{{familytree | | | | | | | A01 | | | |A01= Classification of Vertigo<ref name="Dieterich2007">{{cite journal|last1=Dieterich|first1=Marianne|title=Central vestibular disorders|journal=Journal of Neurology|volume=254|issue=5|year=2007|pages=559–568|issn=0340-5354|doi=10.1007/s00415-006-0340-7}}</ref><ref name="Karatas2008">{{cite journal|last1=Karatas|first1=Mehmet|title=Central Vertigo and Dizziness|journal=The Neurologist|volume=14|issue=6|year=2008|pages=355–364|issn=1074-7931|doi=10.1097/NRL.0b013e31817533a3}}</ref><ref name="Guerraz2001">{{cite journal|last1=Guerraz|first1=M.|title=Visual vertigo: symptom assessment, spatial orientation and postural control|journal=Brain|volume=124|issue=8|year=2001|pages=1646–1656|issn=14602156|doi=10.1093/brain/124.8.1646}}</ref>}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | B01 | | | |B01=Based on Location of Dysfunction}}
{{familytree | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree | | C01 | | | | | | | |C02|C01=Peripheral<br>Accounts for over 90% of all causes of vertigo|C02=Central}}
{{familytree | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree | | D01 | | | | | | | |D02|D01=Lesion in inner ear or vestibulocochlear nerve|D02=Lesion in brainstem or cerebellum}}
{{familytree | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree | | E01 | | | | | | | |E02|E01=Meniere’s disease<br>Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo''<br>Acute labyrinthitis''<br>Acute vestibular neuronitis''<br>Cholesteatoma''<br>Otosclerosis''<br>Perilymphatic fistula''<br>Acoustic Neuroma''|E02=Brainstem Stroke<br>Vestibular Migraine''<br>Multiple Sclerosis''<br>Cerebellar ischemia or hemorrhage''<br>Cerebellar tumors''<br>lateral medullary syndrome''<br>Chiari malformation''}}
{{Family tree/end}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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{{WH}}
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{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 19:50, 20 January 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Vertigo is typically classified into one of two categories depending on the location of the damaged vestibular pathway. These are peripheral or central vertigo. It can also be classified into 3 sub groups based on duration of vertigo. Each category has a distinct set of characteristics and associated findings.

Classification

Vertigo may be classified according to location of dysfunction into 2 subtypes and according to time course/duration into 3 subtypes:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Classification of Vertigo[1][2][3]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Based on Location of Dysfunction
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Time Course/Duration
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Peripheral
 
Central
 
Lasting a Day or Longer
 
Lasting Minutes to Hours
 
Lasting Seconds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lesion in inner ear or vestibulocochlear nerve
 
Lesion in brainstem or cerebellum
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ménière’s disease
Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo
Acute labyrinthitis
Acute vestibular neuronitis
Cholesteatoma
Otosclerosis
Perilymphatic fistula
Acoustic Neuroma
 
Brainstem Stroke
Vestibular Migraine
Multiple Sclerosis
Cerebellar ischemia or hemorrhage
Cerebellar tumors
Lateral medullary syndrome
Chiari malformation
 
Vestibular neuronitis
Vertebrobasilar ischemia with labyrinth infarct
Brainstem stroke
Inferior cerebellar infarct/bleed
 
Ménière’s disease
Vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Migraine Headache
Perilymph fistula
 
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

References

  1. Dieterich, Marianne (2007). "Central vestibular disorders". Journal of Neurology. 254 (5): 559–568. doi:10.1007/s00415-006-0340-7. ISSN 0340-5354.
  2. Karatas, Mehmet (2008). "Central Vertigo and Dizziness". The Neurologist. 14 (6): 355–364. doi:10.1097/NRL.0b013e31817533a3. ISSN 1074-7931.
  3. Guerraz, M. (2001). "Visual vertigo: symptom assessment, spatial orientation and postural control". Brain. 124 (8): 1646–1656. doi:10.1093/brain/124.8.1646. ISSN 1460-2156.

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