Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2]

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone causes

Causes:

1. Intracranial:
   • Tumor
   • meningitis
   • encephalitis
   • abscess
   • vasculitis
   • subarachnoid hemorrhage
   • subdural hemorrhage
   • traumatic brain injury
2. Drugs :

• amiodarone
• tricyclic antidepressants
• bromocriptine
• quinolones
• chlorpropamide
• carbamazapine
• cyclophosphamide
• cisplatin
• SSRI
• vincristine
• vinblastine
• thioridazine
• thiothixene
• haloperidol
• MAOI
• melphalan
• methotrexate
• opiates
• NSAID
• IFN-alpha
• IFN-gamma
• clofibrate
• oxytocin
• hydrochlorthiazide
• desmopressin
• neuroleptic agents
• prostaglandins
• phenothiazines
• 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamines
• leveteiracetam

1. Pulmonary disease: particularly pneumonia (leigonella ,mycoplasma, tuberculosis),abscess,vasculitis.
2. Malignancy:

• small cell lung cancer
• pancreatic
• genitourinary
• gastrointestinal
• mesothelioma
• lymphoma
• sarcoma

• Miscellaneous:
• Multiple sclerosis
• Guillian barre syndrome
• Acute intermittent porphyria
• HIV
• Idiopathic
• surgery
• hormone deficiency: hypopituitirarism,hypothyroidism

Overview

The most common cause of ectopic ADH secretion is cancer. Certain lung cancers, as well as some head and neck tumors, are the most common cancers that cause this problem. In rare cases, many other tumors may cause ectopic ADH secretion.

Causes

Common Causes

• Head injury
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage
• Cancers
  • Lung cancer (especially small cell lung cancer, as well as other small-cell malignancies of other organs)
• Infections
  • Brain abscess
  • Pneumonia
  • Lung abscess
• Drugs
  • Chlorpropamide
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Carbamazepine
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs, a class of antidepressants)
  • Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, commonly called Ecstasy. SIADH due to taking ecstasy was cited as a factor in the death of Leah Betts)

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	Mesothelioma
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Carbamazepine, Chlorpropamide, Cyclophosphamide, Desmopressin, Fluoxetine, Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitors, Nicotine, Oxytocine, Pergolide, Phenothiazines, SSRIs, Tricyclic antidepressants, Tolbutamide, Vasopressin, Vinblastine, Vincristine
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Carcinoid
Environmental	Mesothelioma
Gastroenterologic	Carcinoid, Duodenal carcinoma, Pancreatic cancer
Genetic	Agenesis corpus collosum, Amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Hydrocephalus, Midline defects, Multiple sclerosis
Hematologic	Thymoma
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	AIDS, Bacterial pneumonia, Brain abscess, Encephalitis, Lung abscess, Lung cavitation, Meningitis, Tuberculosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Ewing's sarcoma, Polyradiculitis
Neurologic	Agenesis corpus collosum, Amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Brain abscess, Carcinoid, Cavernous sinus thrombosis, Delirium tremens, Encephalitis, Hydrocephalus, Meningitis, Multiple sclerosis, Peripheral neuropathy, Polyradiculitis, Stroke
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Ovarian cancer
Oncologic	Bronchial adenoma, Carcinoid, Duodenal carcinoma, Ewing's sarcoma, Lung carcinoma, Mesothelioma, Ovarian cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Thymoma
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Delirium tremens
Psychiatric	Phenothiazines, Psychosis
Pulmonary	Asthma, Bacterial pneumonia, Bronchial adenoma, Carcinoid, Lung abscess, Lung carcinoma, Lung cavitation, Mesothelioma, Pneumothorax, Tuberculosis
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Asthma
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Pneumothorax
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Positive pressure restoration

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Agenesis corpus collosum
• AIDS
• Amyotropic lateral sclerosis
• Asthma
• Bacterial pneumonia
• Brain abscess
• Bronchial adenoma
• Carbamazepine
• Carcinoid
• Cavernous sinus thrombosis
• Chlorpropamide
• Cyclophosphamide
• Delirium tremens
• Desmopressin
• Duodenal carcinoma
• Encephalitis
• Ewing's sarcoma
• Hydrocephalus
• Lung abscess
• Lung carcinoma
• Lung cavitation
• Meningitis
• Mesothelioma
• Midline defects
• Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitors
• Multiple sclerosis
• Nicotine
• Ovarian cancer
• Oxytocine
• Pancreatic cancer
• Pergolide
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Phenothiazines
• Pneumothorax
• Polyradiculitis
• Positive pressure restoration
• Psychosis
• SSRI
• Stroke
• Thymoma
• Tricyclic antidepressants
• Tuberculosis
• Vasopressin
• Vinblastine
• Vincristine

References

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