Subdural empyema physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Subdural empyema, also referred to as [[subdural abscess]], [[pachymeningitis interna]] and [[circumscript meningitis]], is a life-threatening [[infection]].<ref name="AgrawalTimothy2007">{{cite journal|last1=Agrawal|first1=Amit|last2=Timothy|first2=Jake|last3=Pandit|first3=Lekha|last4=Shetty|first4=Lathika|last5=Shetty|first5=J.P.|title=A Review of Subdural Empyema and Its Management|journal=Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice|volume=15|issue=3|year=2007|pages=149–153|issn=1056-9103|doi=10.1097/01.idc.0000269905.67284.c7}}</ref> It consists of a localised collection of [[pus|purulent]] material, usually unilateral, between the [[dura mater]] and the [[arachnoid mater]] and accounts for about 15-22% of the reported focal intracranial [[infections]] The [[empyema]] may develop intracranially (about 95%) or in the [[spinal canal]] (about 5%), and in both cases, it constitutes a [[medical emergency|medical]] and [[surgical emergency|neurosurgical emergency]].<ref name="pmid12521560">{{cite journal| author=Greenlee JE| title=Subdural Empyema. | journal=Curr Treat Options Neurol | year= 2003 | volume= 5 | issue= 1 | pages= 13-22 | pmid=12521560 | doi= | pmc=|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12521560 }} </ref> | Subdural empyema, also referred to as [[subdural abscess]], [[pachymeningitis interna]] and [[circumscript meningitis]], is a life-threatening [[infection]].<ref name="AgrawalTimothy2007">{{cite journal|last1=Agrawal|first1=Amit|last2=Timothy|first2=Jake|last3=Pandit|first3=Lekha|last4=Shetty|first4=Lathika|last5=Shetty|first5=J.P.|title=A Review of Subdural Empyema and Its Management|journal=Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice|volume=15|issue=3|year=2007|pages=149–153|issn=1056-9103|doi=10.1097/01.idc.0000269905.67284.c7}}</ref> It consists of a localised collection of [[pus|purulent]] material, usually unilateral, between the [[dura mater]] and the [[arachnoid mater]] and accounts for about 15-22% of the reported focal intracranial [[infections]] The [[empyema]] may develop intracranially (about 95%) or in the [[spinal canal]] (about 5%), and in both cases, it constitutes a [[medical emergency|medical]] and [[surgical emergency|neurosurgical emergency]].<ref name="pmid12521560">{{cite journal| author=Greenlee JE| title=Subdural Empyema. | journal=Curr Treat Options Neurol | year= 2003 | volume= 5 | issue= 1 | pages= 13-22 | pmid=12521560 | doi= | pmc=|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12521560 }} </ref> | ||
The diagnosis of subdural empyema should be suspected, when a patient presents with a history of [[sinusitis]] and recent [[CNS]] signs and/or symptoms.<ref name="AgrawalTimothy2007">{{cite journal|last1=Agrawal|first1=Amit|last2=Timothy|first2=Jake|last3=Pandit|first3=Lekha|last4=Shetty|first4=Lathika|last5=Shetty|first5=J.P.|title=A Review of Subdural Empyema and Its Management|journal=Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice|volume=15|issue=3|year=2007|pages=149–153|issn=1056-9103|doi=10.1097/01.idc.0000269905.67284.c7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Longo | first1 = Dan L. (Dan Louis) | title = Harrison's principles of internal medici | date = 2012 | publisher = McGraw-Hill | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-07-174889-6 | pages = }}</ref> | |||
Symptoms include those referable to the source of the [[infection]]. In addition, most patients are [[febrile]], with [[headache]] and [[neck stiffness]], and, if untreated, may develop focal neurologic signs, [[lethargy]], and [[coma]]. | |||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
Revision as of 02:41, 6 March 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Subdural empyema, also referred to as subdural abscess, pachymeningitis interna and circumscript meningitis, is a life-threatening infection.[1] It consists of a localised collection of purulent material, usually unilateral, between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater and accounts for about 15-22% of the reported focal intracranial infections The empyema may develop intracranially (about 95%) or in the spinal canal (about 5%), and in both cases, it constitutes a medical and neurosurgical emergency.[2] The diagnosis of subdural empyema should be suspected, when a patient presents with a history of sinusitis and recent CNS signs and/or symptoms.[1][3] Symptoms include those referable to the source of the infection. In addition, most patients are febrile, with headache and neck stiffness, and, if untreated, may develop focal neurologic signs, lethargy, and coma.
Physical Examination
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Agrawal, Amit; Timothy, Jake; Pandit, Lekha; Shetty, Lathika; Shetty, J.P. (2007). "A Review of Subdural Empyema and Its Management". Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice. 15 (3): 149–153. doi:10.1097/01.idc.0000269905.67284.c7. ISSN 1056-9103.
- ↑ Greenlee JE (2003). "Subdural Empyema". Curr Treat Options Neurol. 5 (1): 13–22. PMID 12521560.
- ↑ Longo, Dan L. (Dan Louis) (2012). Harrison's principles of internal medici. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-174889-6.