Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung natural history, complications, and prognosis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung Microchapters |
Differentiating Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung from other Diseases |
---|
Diagnosis |
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung natural history, complications, and prognosis On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung natural history, complications, and prognosis |
FDA on Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung natural history, complications, and prognosis |
CDC on Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung natural history, complications, and prognosis |
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung natural history, complications, and prognosis in the news |
Blogs on Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung natural history, complications, and prognosis |
Directions to Hospitals Treating Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2] Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [3]
Overview
If left untreated, squamous cell carcinoma of the lung progression occurs slowly and is then followed by local invasion to lymph nodes and distant metastasis.[1] Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is a locally aggressive tumor, commonly occurs in adult patients between 55 to 60 years. Common sites of metastasis include liver, adrenal gland, bone, and brain. Complications of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, include: pneumonia, pleural effusion, metastasis, and Horner's syndrome. The 5-year survival rate of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, depends on the stage at diagnosis. The average survival rate ranges from 49% to 16%.[1] Features associated with worse prognosis are the presence of genetic and histologic factors (such as, presence of necrosis), performance status, tumor size, presence of lymphatic invasion, invasion to the pulmonary artery, presence of satellite lesions, and presence of regional or distant metastases. Prognosis is generally regarded as poor, the 5-year recurrence rate of non-small cell lung cancer is 24%.[1]
Natural History
- The majority of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung are initially asymptomatic.[1]
- The symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung usually develop in adult patients between 55 to 60 years
- Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung may also experience non-specific symptoms, such as: chronic cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain, dysphonia, dysphagia, lack of appetite, and fatigue.[2]
- If left untreated, patients with non-small cell lung cancer may develop local invasion to lymph nodes and distant metastasis
- Common sites of metastasis include adrenal gland, bone, brain, and liver
- Patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung may develop symptoms, such as: paresthesias, bladder dysfunction, seizures, hemiplegia, cranial nerve palsies, confusion , personality changes, skeletal pain, and pleuritic pain.[2]
Complications
- Common complications of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, include:[1]
- Pneumonia
- Malignant pleural effusion
- Metastasis
- Horner's syndrome
Prognosis
- The presence of metastasis is associated with a particularly poor prognosis
- The 5-year survival rate of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, depends on the stage at diagnosis
- The average survival rate ranges from 49% to 16%.[1]
- Features associated with worse prognosis, include:
- Poorly differentiated tumor, and presence of necrosis
- DNA aneuploidy
- Poor performance status
- Presence of lymphatic invasion
- Invasion to the pulmonary artery
- Presence of satellite lesions
- Large tumor size (>3 cm)
- Presence of pulmonary symptoms
- Presence of regional or distant metastases
- Prognosis is generally regarded as poor, the 5-year recurrence rate of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is 15%.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Soares M, Darmon M, Salluh JI, Ferreira CG, Thiéry G, Schlemmer B, Spector N, Azoulay E (2007). "Prognosis of lung cancer patients with life-threatening complications". Chest. 131 (3): 840–6. doi:10.1378/chest.06-2244. PMID 17356101.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Leary, A (2012). Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach. Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405180757.