Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung natural history, complications, and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung}} | {{Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SC}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SC}} {{MV}} | ||
==Overview== | |||
If left untreated, squamous cell carcinoma of the lung progression occurs slowly and is then followed by local invasion to [[lymph nodes]] and distant [[metastasis]].<ref name="pmid17356101">{{cite journal |vauthors=Soares M, Darmon M, Salluh JI, Ferreira CG, Thiéry G, Schlemmer B, Spector N, Azoulay E |title=Prognosis of lung cancer patients with life-threatening complications |journal=Chest |volume=131 |issue=3 |pages=840–6 |year=2007 |pmid=17356101 |doi=10.1378/chest.06-2244 |url=}}</ref> Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is a locally aggressive tumor, commonly occurs in adult patients between 65 to 74 years. Common sites of metastasis include [[liver]], [[adrenal gland]], [[Bone tumors|bone]], and [[brain]]. Complications of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, include: [[pneumonia]], [[pleural effusion]], [[metastasis]], and [[Horner's syndrome]]. The 5-year survival rate of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, depends on the stage at diagnosis. The average survival rate ranges from 49% to 16%.<ref name="pmid17356101">{{cite journal |vauthors=Soares M, Darmon M, Salluh JI, Ferreira CG, Thiéry G, Schlemmer B, Spector N, Azoulay E |title=Prognosis of lung cancer patients with life-threatening complications |journal=Chest |volume=131 |issue=3 |pages=840–6 |year=2007 |pmid=17356101 |doi=10.1378/chest.06-2244 |url=}}</ref> Features associated with worse prognosis are the presence of genetic and histologic factors (such as, presence of necrosis), performance status, tumor size, presence of lymphatic invasion, invasion to the pulmonary artery, presence of satellite lesions, and presence of regional or distant metastases. Prognosis is generally regarded as poor, the 5-year recurrence rate of non-small cell lung cancer is 24%.<ref name="pmid17356101">{{cite journal |vauthors=Soares M, Darmon M, Salluh JI, Ferreira CG, Thiéry G, Schlemmer B, Spector N, Azoulay E |title=Prognosis of lung cancer patients with life-threatening complications |journal=Chest |volume=131 |issue=3 |pages=840–6 |year=2007 |pmid=17356101 |doi=10.1378/chest.06-2244 |url=}}</ref> | |||
==Natural History== | ==Natural History== | ||
*The majority of lung cancers present with advanced disease because the symptoms tend to occur later in the course of the disease.<ref name=leary>{{cite book | last = Leary | first = A | title = Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | location = Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa | year = 2012 | isbn = 9781405180757 }}</ref> | *The majority of lung cancers present with advanced disease because the symptoms tend to occur later in the course of the disease.<ref name=leary>{{cite book | last = Leary | first = A | title = Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | location = Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa | year = 2012 | isbn = 9781405180757 }}</ref> | ||
*The patient experiences non-specific symptoms such as [[cough]], [[hemoptysis]], [[dyspnea]], [[chest pain]], [[dysphonia]], [[dysphagia]], lack of appetite, [[weight loss]], and [[fatigue]] from 3 weeks to 3 months before seeking medical attention. | *The patient experiences non-specific symptoms such as [[cough]], [[hemoptysis]], [[dyspnea]], [[chest pain]], [[dysphonia]], [[dysphagia]], lack of appetite, [[weight loss]], and [[fatigue]] from 3 weeks to 3 months before seeking medical attention. | ||
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==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
* | * Common complications of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, include:<ref name="pmid17356101">{{cite journal |vauthors=Soares M, Darmon M, Salluh JI, Ferreira CG, Thiéry G, Schlemmer B, Spector N, Azoulay E |title=Prognosis of lung cancer patients with life-threatening complications |journal=Chest |volume=131 |issue=3 |pages=840–6 |year=2007 |pmid=17356101 |doi=10.1378/chest.06-2244 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* [[Pneumonia]] | * [[Pneumonia]] | ||
* [[Pleural effusion]] | * [[Pleural effusion]] | ||
* [[Metastasis]] | * [[Metastasis]] | ||
* [[Horner's syndrome]] | * [[Horner's syndrome]] | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
* The presence of [[metastasis]] is associated with a particularly poor prognosis. | * The presence of [[metastasis]] is associated with a particularly poor prognosis. | ||
Revision as of 16:56, 3 March 2016
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung Microchapters |
Differentiating Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2] Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [3]
Overview
If left untreated, squamous cell carcinoma of the lung progression occurs slowly and is then followed by local invasion to lymph nodes and distant metastasis.[1] Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is a locally aggressive tumor, commonly occurs in adult patients between 65 to 74 years. Common sites of metastasis include liver, adrenal gland, bone, and brain. Complications of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, include: pneumonia, pleural effusion, metastasis, and Horner's syndrome. The 5-year survival rate of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, depends on the stage at diagnosis. The average survival rate ranges from 49% to 16%.[1] Features associated with worse prognosis are the presence of genetic and histologic factors (such as, presence of necrosis), performance status, tumor size, presence of lymphatic invasion, invasion to the pulmonary artery, presence of satellite lesions, and presence of regional or distant metastases. Prognosis is generally regarded as poor, the 5-year recurrence rate of non-small cell lung cancer is 24%.[1]
Natural History
- The majority of lung cancers present with advanced disease because the symptoms tend to occur later in the course of the disease.[2]
- The patient experiences non-specific symptoms such as cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain, dysphonia, dysphagia, lack of appetite, weight loss, and fatigue from 3 weeks to 3 months before seeking medical attention.
- While of duration of symptoms, the tumor cell may double 20 times.[2]
- In more advanced disease, the tumor may spread to other organs such as the spinal cord, brain, and bone.
- These patients may develop symptoms such as leg weakness, paresthesias, bladder dysfunction, seizures, hemiplegia, cranial nerve palsies, confusion , personality changes, skeletal pain, and pleuritic pain.[2]
- Once the cancer spreads to the other organs, it is most likely fatal.
Complications
- Common complications of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, include:[1]
- Pneumonia
- Pleural effusion
- Metastasis
- Horner's syndrome
Prognosis
- The presence of metastasis is associated with a particularly poor prognosis.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Soares M, Darmon M, Salluh JI, Ferreira CG, Thiéry G, Schlemmer B, Spector N, Azoulay E (2007). "Prognosis of lung cancer patients with life-threatening complications". Chest. 131 (3): 840–6. doi:10.1378/chest.06-2244. PMID 17356101.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Leary, A (2012). Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach. Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405180757.