Pleomorphic adenoma (patient information): Difference between revisions
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'''To go back to the main page, click [[Guide to Creating a Disease Page|here]]''' | '''To go back to the main page, click [[Guide to Creating a Disease Page|here]]''' | ||
{{CMG}}; {{ | {{CMG}}; {{M.N}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Revision as of 20:44, 11 February 2019
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Pleomorphic adenoma |
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Pleomorphic adenoma On the Web |
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To go back to the main page, click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Maneesha Nandimandalam, M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
- This section should give a brief description of the disease, and have the name of the disease in the first sentence.
- For an example of the overview section of a patient page, click here
What are the symptoms of pleomorphic adenoma?
- Patients usually present with a history of swelling, which is gradual in onset and painless.
- The majority of patients with pleomorphic adenoma are asymptomatic.
- The symptoms mainly depend upon the size, location and the potential to undergo malignant transformation.
- When pleomorphic adenoma arises from the parotid gland patients present with:
- Dry mouth
- Difficulty in swallowing
- Hoarseness
- Dyspnea
- Difficulty in chewing
- When the tumor arises from the lacrimal glands patients presents with:
- Diplopia
- Proptosis
- Slight fullness in the temporal upper eyelid
- Visual impairment
What causes (disease name)?
- There are no established causes for the development of pleomorphic adenoma.
- However some clonal chromosomal abnormalities with aberrations involving 8q12 and 12q15 have been described.
- Oncogenic simian virus(SV40) may play a role in the onset or progression of pleomorphic adenoma.
Who is at highest risk?
- Here you can list, or write in sentences, the most common risk factors for developing the disease.
- This section can be separated into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors if appropriate.
- For an example of a risk factors section on a patient information page, click here.
Diagnosis
- Physical examination of the tumor is always done first.
- CT is usually the first imaging modality of choice for pleomorphic adenoma.
- It helps in identifying the lesion and also helps the physician in assessing the extension of the tumor.
- MRI is the usually ordered investigation next after CT, for an even more detailed study.
- It is a non-ionizing modality with excellent soft tissue distinction.
- FNA and biopsy is the definitive method of diagnosis for pleomorphic adenoma.
When to seek urgent medical care?
- This section should focus on the symptoms that may indicate impending life threatening situations, or significant worsening.
- For an example of a section detailing this on a patient information page, click here
Treatment options
- Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for pleomorphic adenoma.
- There are two procedures superficial parotidectomy and total parotidectomy, the latter of which is the most commonly performed one due to its low incidence on recurrence of the tumor
Where to find medical care for pleomorphic adenoma?
Medical care for pleomorphic adenoma can be found here.
Prevention
- At present there are no established measures for the primary prevention of pleomorphic adenoma.
- Individuals those who are working in rubber and asbestos industries should be advised to seek an alternative job.
- If possible advise the patients to minimize unnecessary radiation exposure to head and neck region.
- Secondary preventive measures include timely screening at regular intervals with routine physical examination, radiological imaging, and blood tests.
- Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with pleomorphic adenoma are followed-up every 6 or 12 months.
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
- Prognosis is generally excellent for most of the patients after surgical resection.
- Depending on the extent of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary sometimes.
- Recurrence can be a problem if the tumor arises from the parotid gland.
- 2-7% of cases can go into malignant transformation if left untreated.
Possible complications
Intra-operative complications include:
- Rupture of the capsule of the parotid tumor.
- Incomplete resection of the tumor.
- Facial nerve transection especially after superficial parotidectomy.
Post-operative complications include:
- Haemorrhage or haematoma
- Infection at the site
- Trismus
- Parotid fistula
- Frey's syndrome
- Hypoesthesia of the greater auricular nerve.
Apart from the above mentioned other complications include facial disfigurement and multiple recurrences.
Sources
- Put the sources for your information here.
- The National Library of Medicine is a good source to reference for patient information pages: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/.
Things to Remember
- Include a link back to the physician page at the top of the page.
- Always put {{CMG}} at the top of every page.
- Never take content directly from a source without checking copyright.
- Place your patient page in the patient information category as well as any other doctor categories the condition may fit into. To place a category onto a page, use the following code:
- [[Category:Patient information]]
- As with all WikiDoc pages, create hyperlinks for key words and diseases. However, make sure that the hyperlinks link to other patient's information pages and not to regular WikiDoc pages.
- Example: Heart failure should be linked to [[Congestive heart failure (patient information)]] and not to [[Heart failure]].