Osteomyelitis history and symptoms

Revision as of 20:24, 19 December 2012 by Prashanthsaddala (talk | contribs)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Osteomyelitis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Osteomyelitis from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Osteomyelitis history and symptoms On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Osteomyelitis history and symptoms

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Osteomyelitis history and symptoms

CDC on Osteomyelitis history and symptoms

Osteomyelitis history and symptoms in the news

Blogs on Osteomyelitis history and symptoms

Directions to Hospitals Treating Osteomyelitis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Osteomyelitis history and symptoms

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

History and Symptoms

Generally, microorganisms may infect bone through one or more of three basic methods: via the bloodstream, contiguously from local areas of infection (as in cellulitis), or penetrating trauma, including iatrogenic causes such as joint replacements or internal fixation of fractures or root-canaled teeth. Once the bone is infected, leukocytes enter the infected area, and in their attempt to engulf the infectious organisms, release enzymes that lyse the bone. Pus spreads into the bone's blood vessels, impairing their flow, and areas of devitalized infected bone, known as sequestra, form the basis of a chronic infection. Often, the body will try to create new bone around the area of necrosis. The resulting new bone is often called an involucrum. On histologic examination, these areas of necrotic bone are the basis for distinguishing between acute osteomyelitis and chronic osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis is an infective process which encompasses all of the bone (osseous) components, including the bone marrow. When it is chronic it can lead to bone sclerosis and deformity.

In infants, the infection can spread to the joint and cause arthritis. In children, large subperiosteal abscesses can form because the periosteum is loosely attached to the surface of the bone.

Because of the particulars of their blood supply, the tibia, femur, humerus, vertebra, the maxilla, and the mandibular bodies are especially susceptible to osteomyelitis. However, abscesses of any bone may be precipitated by trauma to the affected area. Many infections are caused by Staphylococcus aureus, a member of the normal flora found on the skin and mucous membranes.

  • Hematogenous long-bone osteomyelitis
  • Abrupt onset of high fever (fever is present in only 50% of neonates with osteomyelitis)
  • Fatigue
  • Irritability
  • Malaise
  • Restriction of movement (pseudoparalysis of limb in neonates)
  • Local edema, erythema, and tenderness
  • Hematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis
  • Insidious onset
  • History of an acute bacteremic episode
  • May be associated with contiguous vascular insufficiency
  • Local edema, erythema, and tenderness
  • Failure of a young child to sit up normally2
  • Chronic osteomyelitis
  • Non-healing ulcer
  • Sinus tract drainage
  • Chronic fatigue
  • Malaise

References

Template:WH Template:WS