Nephrotic syndrome classification: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Nephrotic syndrome can be classified into primary or secondary depending the underlying etiology. Primary (idiopathic) nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary glomerular disease. Secondary nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary etiology other than glomerular disorders, such as | Nephrotic syndrome can be classified into primary or secondary depending on the underlying etiology. Primary (idiopathic) nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary [[glomerular]] disease. Secondary nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary etiology other than glomerular disorders, such as [[infection]]s, [[malignancies]], systemic conditions, and [[medication]]s. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
===Etiologic Classification=== | ===Etiologic Classification=== | ||
Nephrotic syndrome can be classified into primary or secondary depending on the underlying etiology. | |||
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====Primary (Idiopathic) Nephrotic Syndrome==== | ====Primary (Idiopathic) Nephrotic Syndrome==== | ||
Primary (idiopathic) nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary glomerular disease. It is a common diagnosis in children. Etiologies of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome | Primary (idiopathic) nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary glomerular disease. It is a common diagnosis in children. Etiologies of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome include:<ref name="pmid19904897">{{cite journal| author=Kodner C| title=Nephrotic syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2009 | volume= 80 | issue= 10 | pages= 1129-34 | pmid=19904897 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19904897 }} </ref>: | ||
*Minimal change disease | *[[Minimal change disease]] | ||
*Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) | *[[Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis]] (FSGS) | ||
*Membranous nephropathy | *[[Membranous nephropathy]] | ||
*Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis | *[[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]] | ||
*IgM nephropathy | *[[IgM nephropathy]] | ||
*C1q nephropathy | *C1q nephropathy | ||
====Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome==== | ====Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome==== | ||
Secondary nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary etiology other than glomerular disorders, such as | Secondary nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary etiology other than glomerular disorders, such as [[infection]]s, [[malignancies]], systemic conditions, and [[medication]]s. The most common cause of secondary nephrotic syndrome is [[diabetes mellitus]]. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ececec"|'''Diabetes Mellitus''' || | | bgcolor="#ececec"|'''Diabetes Mellitus''' || | ||
*Glucosuria | *[[Glucosuria]] | ||
*Hyperglycemia | *[[Hyperglycemia]] | ||
*Polyuria | *[[Polyuria]] | ||
*Polydipsia | *[[Polydipsia]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ececec"|'''Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)''' || | | bgcolor="#ececec"|'''Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)''' || | ||
*Anemia | *[[Anemia]] | ||
*Arthralgia | *[[Arthralgia]] | ||
*Malar or discoid rash | *[[Malar rash|Malar]] or [[discoid rash]] | ||
*Photosensitivity | *[[Photosensitivity]] | ||
*Neurological, renal, immunologic disease | *Neurological, renal, immunologic disease | ||
*Pleural effusion or ascites | *[[Pleural effusion or ascites | ||
*Positive ANA and anti-dsDNA antibodies | *Positive [[ANA]] and [[anti-dsDNA]] antibodies | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ececec"|'''Viral Hepatitis (HBV and HCV)''' || | | bgcolor="#ececec"|'''Viral Hepatitis (HBV and HCV)''' || | ||
*Elevated liver function | *Elevated [[liver function test]]s | ||
*History of transfusions | *History of transfusions | ||
*High-risk sexual encounters | *High-risk sexual encounters | ||
*IV drug use | *IV drug use | ||
*Positive HBsAg or HCV RNA | *Positive HBsAg or [[HCV]] RNA | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ececec"|'''NSAIDs''' || | | bgcolor="#ececec"|'''NSAIDs''' || | ||
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|bgcolor="#ececec"|'''Amyloidosis''' || | |bgcolor="#ececec"|'''Amyloidosis''' || | ||
*Cardiomyopathy | *[[Cardiomyopathy]] | ||
*Hepatomegaly | *[[Hepatomegaly]] | ||
*Peripheral neuropathy | *[[Peripheral neuropathy]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ececec"|'''Multiple Myeloma''' || | | bgcolor="#ececec"|'''Multiple Myeloma''' || | ||
*Abrnomal urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP) and serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) | *Abrnomal urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP) and serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) | ||
*Back pain | *[[Back pain]] | ||
*Renal failure | *[[Renal failure]] | ||
*Anemia | *[[Anemia]] | ||
*Hypercalcemia | *[[Hypercalcemia]] | ||
*Positive serum beta-2-microglobulin | *Positive serum beta-2-microglobulin | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ececec"|'''HIV''' || | | bgcolor="#ececec"|'''HIV''' || | ||
*Reduced CD4 cell counts | *Reduced [[CD4]] cell counts | ||
*High-risk sexual encounters | *High-risk sexual encounters | ||
*History of transfusions | *History of transfusions | ||
*History of drug use | *History of drug use | ||
*Renal pathology similar to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) | *Renal pathology similar to [[focal segmental glomerulosclerosis]] (FSGS) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="#ececec"|'''Preeclampsia''' || | | bgcolor="#ececec"|'''Preeclampsia''' || | ||
*High blood pressure, edema, and proteinuria during pregnancy | *[[High blood pressure]], [[edema]], and [[proteinuria]] during pregnancy | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 00:45, 5 April 2015
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Nephrotic syndrome classification On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Nephrotic syndrome classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, Serge Korjian
Overview
Nephrotic syndrome can be classified into primary or secondary depending on the underlying etiology. Primary (idiopathic) nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary glomerular disease. Secondary nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary etiology other than glomerular disorders, such as infections, malignancies, systemic conditions, and medications.
Classification
Etiologic Classification
Nephrotic syndrome can be classified into primary or secondary depending on the underlying etiology.
| Nephrotic syndrome | |||||||||||||||||||
| Primary | Secondary | ||||||||||||||||||
Primary (Idiopathic) Nephrotic Syndrome
Primary (idiopathic) nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary glomerular disease. It is a common diagnosis in children. Etiologies of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome include:[1]:
- Minimal change disease
- Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
- Membranous nephropathy
- Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
- IgM nephropathy
- C1q nephropathy
Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome
Secondary nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary etiology other than glomerular disorders, such as infections, malignancies, systemic conditions, and medications. The most common cause of secondary nephrotic syndrome is diabetes mellitus.
| Cause | Characteristic Features |
| Diabetes Mellitus | |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) |
|
| Viral Hepatitis (HBV and HCV) |
|
| NSAIDs |
|
| Amyloidosis | |
| Multiple Myeloma |
|
| HIV |
|
| Preeclampsia |
|
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kodner C (2009). "Nephrotic syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management". Am Fam Physician. 80 (10): 1129–34. PMID 19904897.
- ↑ Hull RP, Goldsmith DJ (2008). "Nephrotic syndrome in adults". BMJ. 336 (7654): 1185–9. doi:10.1136/bmj.39576.709711.80. PMC 2394708. PMID 18497417.