Myeloproliferative neoplasm differential diagnosis

Revision as of 03:19, 10 June 2018 by Shyam Patel (talk | contribs)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating myeloproliferative neoplasm from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Myeloproliferative neoplasm differential diagnosis On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Myeloproliferative neoplasm differential diagnosis

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Myeloproliferative neoplasm differential diagnosis

on Myeloproliferative neoplasm differential diagnosis

Myeloproliferative neoplasm differential diagnosis in the news

Blogs on Myeloproliferative neoplasm differential diagnosis

Directions to Hospitals Treating Myeloproliferative neoplasm

Risk calculators and risk factors for Myeloproliferative neoplasm differential diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [2] Shyam Patel [3]

Overview

Myeloproliferative neoplasm must be differentiated from acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, essential thrombocytosis, hypereosinophilic syndrome, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, primary myelofibrosis, secondary thrombocytosis, splenomegaly, systemic mastocytosis, and waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.

Differentiating Myeloproliferative neoplasm from other Diseases

Characteristic Causes Laboratory abnormalities Physical examination Therapy Other associations
Myelodysplastic syndrome
  • Prior exposure to alkylating agents
  • Prior exposure to topoisomerase II inhibitors
  • Age-related changes in hematopoietic stem cells
  • Deletion of chromosome 5q or 7
  • Gain of chromosome 8
  • Lenalidomide
  • Decitabine
  • Azacitidine
  • Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs)
  • Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
  • Transfusion support

Age-related changes in the bone marrow contribute to myelodysplastic syndrome

Acute myeloid leukemia
  • Chromosomal instability
  • Sporadic mutations
  • Prior exposure to benzene
  • Prior exposure to alkylating agents
  • Prior exposure to topoisomerase II inhibitors
  • Germline RUNX1 mutation
  • Pyrexia
  • Evidence of infection
  • Pallor
  • Mucosal bleeding
  • Bruising
  • Cytarabine
  • Anthracycline
  • Enasidenib
  • Liposomal daunorubicin plus cytarabine
  • Gemtuzumab ozogamycin
  • Midostaurin
  • Stem cell transplant
  • Variable prognosis based on cytogenetic and molecular profile
  • Four new FDA-approved therapies became available in 2017
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  • Chromosomal instability
  • Sporadic mutations
  • Anemia
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Neutropenia
  • Elevated LDH
  • Elevated uric acid
  • Elevated phosphorus
  • Elevated potassium
  • Low calcium
  • Greater than 20% lymphoblasts on bone marrow aspirate
  • Neurologic deficits
  • Pallor
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • HyperCVAD (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone)[2]
  • R-HyperCVAD (inclusion of rituximab)
  • Peg-asparaginase
  • Intrathecal methotrexate
  • Intrathecal cytarabine
  • Blinatumomab (bispecific T cell engager)
  • Inotuzumab ozogamycin (anti-CD22 antibody)
  • Tisagenlecleucel (chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy)
  • Stem cell transplant
  • Sanctuary sites include the central nervous system (CNS) and testes[3]
Chronic myeloid leukemia
  • Translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22
  • Creation of BCR-Abl gene product
  • Elevated white blood cell count
  • Presence of white blood cell precursors at various stages of maturation
  • Presence of excess metamyelocytes, basophils, eosinophils, and band cells
  • Splenomegaly
  • Abdominal tenderness
  • Pallor
  • Evidence of infection
  • High response rate to tyrosine kinase inhibitors
  • Risk for development of T315I kinase domain mutation
  • Typically does not require stem cell transplant
  • Three phases include chronic, accelerated, and blast phase
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia[5]
  • Chromosomal instability
  • Sporadic mutations
  • Infections
  • Elevated absolute lymphocyte count (in all stages)
  • Presence of >5000 clonal B cells per microliter in peripheral blood
  • Anemia (in Rai stage III)
  • Thrombocytopenia (in Rai stage IV)
  • Fludarabine
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Rituximab
  • Obinutuzumab[6]
  • Ofatumumab
  • Ibrutinib
  • Venetoclax


References

  1. Döhner H, Estey E, Grimwade D, Amadori S, Appelbaum FR, Büchner T; et al. (2017). "Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2017 ELN recommendations from an international expert panel". Blood. 129 (4): 424–447. doi:10.1182/blood-2016-08-733196. PMC 5291965. PMID 27895058.
  2. Terwilliger T, Abdul-Hay M (2017). "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a comprehensive review and 2017 update". Blood Cancer J. 7 (6): e577. doi:10.1038/bcj.2017.53. PMC 5520400. PMID 28665419.
  3. Inaba H, Greaves M, Mullighan CG (2013). "Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia". Lancet. 381 (9881): 1943–55. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62187-4. PMC 3816716. PMID 23523389.
  4. Chen Y, Li S (2014). "Omacetaxine mepesuccinate in the treatment of intractable chronic myeloid leukemia". Onco Targets Ther. 7: 177–86. doi:10.2147/OTT.S41786. PMC 3916637. PMID 24516334.
  5. Kipps TJ, Stevenson FK, Wu CJ, Croce CM, Packham G, Wierda WG; et al. (2017). "Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia". Nat Rev Dis Primers. 3: 16096. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.96. PMC 5336551. PMID 28102226.
  6. Al-Sawaf O, Fischer K, Engelke A, Pflug N, Hallek M, Goede V (2017). "Obinutuzumab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: design, development and place in therapy". Drug Des Devel Ther. 11: 295–304. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S104869. PMC 5279834. PMID 28182141.

Template:WH Template:WS