Mediastinal mass: Difference between revisions
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Prevascular''' | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Prevascular''' | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* '''Superior:''' Thoracic inlet | * '''Superior:''' [[Superior thoracic aperture|Thoracic inlet]] | ||
* '''Inferior:''' Diaphragm | * '''Inferior:''' [[Thoracic diaphragm|Diaphragm]] | ||
* '''Anterior:''' Sternum | * '''Anterior:''' [[Sternum]] | ||
* '''Posterior:''' Anterior aspect of the pericardium | * '''Posterior:''' Anterior aspect of the [[pericardium]] | ||
* '''Lateral:''' Parietal mediastinal pleura | * '''Lateral:''' [[Parietal pleura|Parietal mediastinal pleura]] | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Thymus | * [[Thymus]] | ||
* Fat | * [[Fat]] | ||
* Lymph nodes | * [[Lymph node|Lymph nodes]] | ||
* Left brachiocephalic vein | * [[Brachiocephalic vein|Left brachiocephalic vein]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Visceral''' | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Visceral''' | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* '''Superior:''' Thoracic inlet | * '''Superior:''' [[Superior thoracic aperture|Thoracic inlet]] | ||
* '''Inferior:''' Diaphragm | * '''Inferior:''' [[Thoracic diaphragm|Diaphragm]] | ||
* '''Anterior:''' Posterior boundaries of the prevascular compartment | * '''Anterior:''' Posterior boundaries of the prevascular compartment | ||
* '''Posterior:''' Vertical line connecting a point on each thoracic vertebral body 1 cm posterior to its origin | * '''Posterior:''' Vertical line connecting a point on each [[Thoracic vertebrae|thoracic]] [[Body of vertebra|vertebral body]] 1 cm posterior to its origin | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |'''Non vascular:''' | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |'''Non vascular:''' | ||
* Trachea | * [[Trachea]] | ||
* Carina | * [[Carina of trachea|Carina]] | ||
* Esophagus | * [[Esophagus]] | ||
* Lymph nodes | * [[Lymph node|Lymph nodes]] | ||
'''Vascular:''' | '''Vascular:''' | ||
* Heart | * [[Heart]] | ||
* Ascending thoracic aorta | * [[Ascending aorta|Ascending thoracic aorta]] | ||
* Aortic arch | * [[Aortic arch]] | ||
* Descending thoracic aorta | * [[Descending aorta|Descending thoracic aorta]] | ||
* Superior vena cava | * [[Superior vena cava]] | ||
* Intrapericardial pulmonary arteries | * [[Pulmonary arteries|Intrapericardial pulmonary arteries]] | ||
* Thoracic duct | * [[Thoracic duct]] | ||
* | * | ||
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Paravertebral''' | | style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Paravertebral''' | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* '''Superior:''' Thoracic inlet | * '''Superior:''' [[Superior thoracic aperture|Thoracic inlet]] | ||
* '''Inferior:''' Diaphragm | * '''Inferior:''' [[Thoracic diaphragm|Diaphragm]] | ||
* '''Anterior:''' Posterior boundaries of the visceral compartment | * '''Anterior:''' Posterior boundaries of the visceral compartment | ||
* '''Posterolateral:''' Vertical line against the posterior margin of the chest wall at the lateral margin of the transverse process of the thoracic spine | * '''Posterolateral:''' Vertical line against the posterior margin of the [[Thoracic cavity|chest wall]] at the lateral margin of the [[Transverse processes|transverse process]] of the [[Thoracic vertebrae|thoracic spine]] | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Thoracic spine | * [[Thoracic vertebrae|Thoracic spine]] | ||
* Paravertebral soft tissues | * [[Prevertebral muscles|Paravertebral soft tissues]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="left" + |<small>'''Adapted from [https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2017160095 Radiographics]'''</small> | | colspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="left" + |<small>'''Adapted from [https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2017160095 Radiographics]'''</small> | ||
Revision as of 14:48, 19 February 2019
|
Mediastinal mass Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[2], Amr Marawan, M.D. [3]
Synonyms and keywords: Mediastinal enlargement; mass in the mediastinum
Overview
The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax (chest), surrounded by loose connective tissue. It is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. It contains the heart, the great vessels of the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and lymph nodes of the central chest. A wide variety of diseases involving these organs can present as a mediastinal mass or widening of the mediastinum on imaging studies. Mediastinal widening is diagnosed by the mediastinum measuring greater than 8 cm in width on PA chest x-ray. The mediastinal mass may present with symptoms caused by the mass pressing against other organs or even without any symptoms. Mediastinal masses can be differentiated on the basis of location in the mediastinal cavity into 3 groups: Prevascular, visceral and paravertebral.
| Intenational Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) Classification of Mediastinum | ||
|---|---|---|
| Compartments | Boundaries | Components |
| Prevascular |
|
|
| Visceral |
|
Non vascular:
Vascular:
|
| Paravertebral |
|
|
| Adapted from Radiographics | ||