Diabetes mellitus type 1 history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Type 1 DM has 2  forms of presentations 1) Classic new onset, which commonly present with persistent thirst, frequent urination, and dehydration 2) Diabetic ketoacidosis, which commonly presents with abdominal pain, vomiting and flu-like symptoms.
 
[[diabetes mellitus type 1|Type 1 DM]] has 2  forms of presentations 1) Classic new onset, which commonly present with persistent [[thirst]], frequent [[urination]], and [[dehydration]] 2) [[Diabetic ketoacidosis]], which commonly presents with [[abdominal pain]], [[vomiting]] and flu-like [[symptom|symptoms]].


==History==
==History==
T1DM has different ways of presentation. Obtaining the history is the most important aspect of making a diagnosis of type 1 DM. Specific areas of focus when obtaining history include:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000305.htm|title=medline plus|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jdrf.org/t1d-resources/type-1-diabetes-warning-signs/|title=JDRF|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/symptoms/?referrer=https://www.google.com/|title=ADA|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016</ref>
 
* Increase frequency of urination
* [[diabetes mellitus type 1|Type 1 DM]] has different ways of presentation. Obtaining the history is the most important aspect of making a [[diagnosis]] of [[diabetes mellitus type 1|type 1 DM]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000305.htm|title=medline plus|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jdrf.org/t1d-resources/type-1-diabetes-warning-signs/|title=JDRF|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/symptoms/?referrer=https://www.google.com/|title=ADA|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016</ref>
* Specific areas of focus when obtaining history include:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000305.htm|title=medline plus|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jdrf.org/t1d-resources/type-1-diabetes-warning-signs/|title=JDRF|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/symptoms/?referrer=https://www.google.com/|title=ADA|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016</ref>
* Increase frequency of [[urination]]
* Unusually wet diapers
* Unusually wet diapers
* Persistent [[thirst]]
* Persistent [[thirst]]
* Weight loss
* [[Weight loss]]


===Symptoms===
===Symptoms===


==== Infants ====
==== Infants ====
Symptoms of type 1 DM include:
 
[[symptom|Symptoms]] of [[diabetes mellitus type 1|type 1 DM]] include:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000305.htm|title=medline plus|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jdrf.org/t1d-resources/type-1-diabetes-warning-signs/|title=JDRF|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/symptoms/?referrer=https://www.google.com/|title=ADA|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016</ref>
* Increase frequency of [[urination]]
* Persistent [[thirst]]
* Persistent [[thirst]]
* Frequent urination
* [[Dehydration]]
* [[Dehydration]]


==== Young children ====
==== Young children ====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Type 1 Diabetes mellitus can have one of the following presentations
! colspan="2" |[[diabetes mellitus type 1|Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus]] can have one of the following presentations
|-
|-
|Classic new onset
|Classic new onset
|Diabetic ketoacidosis
|[[Diabetic ketoacidosis]]
|-
|-
|
|
==== Most common presentation of type 1 DM: ====
==== Most common presentation of type 1 DM: ====
Patient present with symptoms of  
 
[[Patient]] present with [[symptom|symptoms]] of  
*[[Frequent urination]]  
*[[Frequent urination]]  
*Excessive [[thirst]]  
*Excessive [[thirst]]  
*Unexplained [[weight loss]]  
*Unexplained [[weight loss]]  
*Extreme hunger  
*Extreme [[hunger]]
*Sudden vision changes  
*Sudden [[Visual system|vision]] changes/Difficulty in [[Visual system|vision]]
*[[Tingling]] or [[numbness]] in hands or feet  
*[[Tingling]] or [[numbness]] in hands or feet  
*[[Fatigue]]
*[[Fatigue]]
*Very dry skin  
*Very [[Xeroderma|dry skin]]
*[[Sores]] that are slow to heal  
*[[Sores]] that are slow to heal  
*More [[infection]]s than usual.  
*More [[infection]] than usual.
*[[Nausea]], [[vomiting]], or [[stomach pain]]s
*[[Nausea]], [[vomiting]], or [[stomach pain]]  
* [[Oral Thrush]] or [[Yeast infection|yeast infections]];
**Which typically fails to go away without [[treatment]] and it is due to unbalance of normal [[flora]] and [[Fungus|fungal]] in [[Mouth|oral cavity]] or [[cervix]]
**[[Microorganism|Microorganisms]] easily feast on high [[blood sugar|sugar]] and in [[Xerostomia|dry mouth]] (from [[Polyuria]]).


* Difficulty in vision
* [[Oral Thrush]] may be present, or/ [[Yeast infection|yeast infections]] that fail to go away, this is because the normal fungal/flora present in oral cavity/cervix in women, the balance is upset and bacterial began to feast on the high sugar from urine output/ dry mouth from extreme thirst.
|
==== Early Symptoms ====
==== Early Symptoms ====
* [[Sluggish]], [[extreme tiredness]]
* [[Sluggish]], [[extreme tiredness]]
* [[Fruity smell to breath]]/compare to nail polish remover, similar to peardrops
* [[Fruity smell to breath]]/compare to nail polish remover, similar to pear drops
* Extreme [[thirst]], despite large fluid intake
* Extreme [[thirst]], despite large fluid intake
* [[Constant urination]]
* [[Constant urination]]
* Extreme [[weight-loss]]
* Extreme [[weight-loss]]
* [[Oral Thrush]] may be present, or/ [[Yeast infection|yeast infections]] that fail to go away, this is because the normal fungal/flora present in oral cavity/cervix in women, the balance is upset and bacterial began to feast on the high sugar from urine output/ dry mouth from extreme thirst.
* * [[Oral Thrush]] or [[Yeast infection|yeast infections]];
* [[Muscle wasting]]
**Which typically fails to go away without [[treatment]] and it is due to unbalance of normal [[flora]] and [[Fungus|fungal]] in [[Mouth|oral cavity]] or [[cervix]]
**[[Microorganism|Microorganisms]] easily feast on high [[blood sugar|sugar]] and in [[Xerostomia|dry mouth]] (from [[Polyuria]]).
* [[Agitation]] / [[Irritation]] / Aggression / [[Confusion]]
* [[Agitation]] / [[Irritation]] / Aggression / [[Confusion]]


==== Late Symptoms ====
==== Late Symptoms ====
At this point, DKA is life-threatening and medical attention should be sought immediately.
 
* Emesis ([[vomiting]]), although this is not always a sign of late-stage ketoacidosis, and can occur both in early-stage ketoacidosis and in non-ketoacidic hyperglycaemia.
At this point, [[Diabetic ketoacidosis|DKA]] is life-threatening and medical attention should be sought immediately.
* [[Nausea and vomiting|Emesis]] ([[vomiting]]), although this is not always a sign of late-stage [[ketoacidosis]], and can occur both in early-stage [[ketoacidosis]] and in non-ketoacidic [[hyperglycaemia]].
* [[Confusion]]
* [[Confusion]]
* [[Abdominal pain]]
* [[Abdominal pain]]
* [[Loss of appetite]]
* [[Loss of appetite]]
* [[Influenza|Flu]]-like symptoms
* [[Influenza|Flu]]-like [[symptom|symptoms]]
* [[Lethargy]] and [[apathy]]
* [[Lethargy]] and [[apathy]]
* Extreme [[weakness]]
* Extreme [[weakness]]
* [[Kussmaul breathing]] ("air hunger"). Patients breathe more deeply and/or rapidly.
* [[Kussmaul breathing]] ("air hunger"). [[patient|Patients]] [[Breathing|breathe]] more deeply and/or rapidly.
* [[Unconsciousness]] ([[diabetic coma]]) after prolonged DKA. At this stage, speedy medical attention is imperative.
* [[Unconsciousness]] ([[diabetic coma]]) after prolonged [[Diabetic ketoacidosis|DKA]]. At this stage, speedy medical attention is imperative.
|}
|}
*
*
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 12:09, 20 September 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishal Devarkonda, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Type 1 DM has 2 forms of presentations 1) Classic new onset, which commonly present with persistent thirst, frequent urination, and dehydration 2) Diabetic ketoacidosis, which commonly presents with abdominal pain, vomiting and flu-like symptoms.

History

Symptoms

Infants

Symptoms of type 1 DM include:[9][10][11][12]

Young children

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus can have one of the following presentations
Classic new onset Diabetic ketoacidosis

Most common presentation of type 1 DM:

Patient present with symptoms of

Early Symptoms

Late Symptoms

At this point, DKA is life-threatening and medical attention should be sought immediately.

References

  1. ↑ "medline plus".
  2. ↑ "JDRF".
  3. ↑ "ADA".
  4. ↑ Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016
  5. ↑ "medline plus".
  6. ↑ "JDRF".
  7. ↑ "ADA".
  8. ↑ Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016
  9. ↑ "medline plus".
  10. ↑ "JDRF".
  11. ↑ "ADA".
  12. ↑ Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016

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