Deep vein thrombosis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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===Recurrent DVT=== | ===Recurrent DVT=== | ||
* The risk of recurrence in patients diagnosed with first-time [[DVT]] is estimated to be around 7-10 percent in the first year.<ref name="pmid15210384">{{cite journal |author=Cushman M, Tsai AW, White RH, ''et al.''|title=Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in two cohorts: the longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiology |journal=Am. J. Med.|volume=117 |issue=1 |pages=19–25 |year=2004 |month=July |pmid=15210384 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.018 |url=}}</ref> | * The risk of recurrence in patients diagnosed with first-time [[DVT]] is estimated to be around 7-10 percent in the first year.<ref name="pmid15210384">{{cite journal |author=Cushman M, Tsai AW, White RH, ''et al.''|title=Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in two cohorts: the longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiology |journal=Am. J. Med.|volume=117 |issue=1 |pages=19–25 |year=2004 |month=July |pmid=15210384 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.018 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* | |||
* In recent years, the increase in thrombosis incidence may be related to improved diagnostic modalities and increased awareness by clinicians.<ref name="pmid12814979">{{cite journal |author=White RH |title=The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism |journal=Circulation |volume=107 |issue=23 Suppl 1 |pages=I4–8 |year=2003|month=June |pmid=12814979 |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000078468.11849.66 |url=}}</ref> | * Among patients with a first episode of VTE, the risk of recurrence of VTE is elevated, particularly in the first 6 to 12 months following the first episode of VTE. The risk of recurrent VTE remains up to 10 years, with a estimated cumulative incidence of first overall VTE recurrence of 30 %. Predictors for recurrence of [[VTE]] include [[malignancy]], neurological diseases, and [[paresis]].<ref name="pmid10737275">{{cite journal |author=Heit JA, Mohr DN, Silverstein MD, Petterson TM, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ |title=Predictors of recurrence after deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based cohort study |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=160 |issue=6 |pages=761–8 |year=2000 |month=March |pmid=10737275 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* In recent years, the increase in [[thrombosis]] incidence may be related to improved diagnostic modalities and increased awareness by clinicians.<ref name="pmid12814979">{{cite journal |author=White RH |title=The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism |journal=Circulation |volume=107 |issue=23 Suppl 1 |pages=I4–8 |year=2003|month=June |pmid=12814979 |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000078468.11849.66 |url=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 14:10, 3 June 2014
Editor(s)-In-Chief: The APEX Trial Investigators, C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Kashish Goel, M.D.; Justine Cadet
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Overview
The precise number of people affected by venous thromboembolism (VTE), that is either deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), or both, is unknown, but estimates range from 300,000 to 600,000 (1 to 2 per 1,000, and in those over 80 years of age, as high as 1 in 100) each year in the United States. Estimates suggest that 60,000-100,000 Americans die of VTE, 10 to 30% of which will die within one month of diagnosis. Among people who have had a DVT, one-half will have long-term complications (post-thrombotic syndrome) such as swelling, pain, discoloration, and scaling in the affected limb. One-third (about 33%) of people with VTE will have a recurrence within 10 years. Approximately 5 to 8% of the U.S. population has one of several genetic risk factors, also known as inherited thrombophilias in which a genetic defect can be identified that increases the risk for thrombosis.[1][2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Age
The incidence and prevalence of DVT increases with age, ranging from 1 case per 100,000 people in childhood to 500 cases per 100,000 people in the elderly.[3]
Gender
Overall, there is minimal difference in the incidence of DVT among males and females. Research has observed varying trends of incidence.
- One epidemiological study observed a higher incidence of DVT among young females.[4]
- A second epidemiological study observed a higher incidence of DVT among older females.[5]
- Other research suggests that DVT may have a higher incidence in men.[6]
- The risk for DVT consistently increases with age across both genders.[6]
- The risk for venous thromboembolism (PE,DVT) is slightly higher in elderly males. [7]
Race
- There is a significant difference in the incidence of DVT as it relates to race.
- African Americans characteristically have the highest incidence of DVT.[3]
- Caucasians rank as the second highest incidence of DVT.[3]
- When compared to African Americans and Caucasians, the incidence of DVT is noted to be two to four times lower in Hispanics and Asian-Pacific Islanders.[3]
- Lower thrombosis incidences in non-Caucasians may be related to a lower prevalence of disorders like Factor V Leiden or Prothrombin 20210A mutation.[8][9]
- More than 25,000 people die in England from venous thromboembolism developed in hospital. This is more than the total number of deaths attributable to breast cancer, AIDS, and road traffic accidents, when combined together.
Recurrent DVT
- The risk of recurrence in patients diagnosed with first-time DVT is estimated to be around 7-10 percent in the first year.[6]
- Among patients with a first episode of VTE, the risk of recurrence of VTE is elevated, particularly in the first 6 to 12 months following the first episode of VTE. The risk of recurrent VTE remains up to 10 years, with a estimated cumulative incidence of first overall VTE recurrence of 30 %. Predictors for recurrence of VTE include malignancy, neurological diseases, and paresis.[10]
- In recent years, the increase in thrombosis incidence may be related to improved diagnostic modalities and increased awareness by clinicians.[3]
References
- ↑ CDC- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) / Pulmonary Embolism (PE) — Blood Clot Forming in a Vein
- ↑ Beckman MG, Hooper WC, Critchley SE, Ortel TL (2010). "Venous thromboembolism: a public health concern". Am J Prev Med. 38 (4 Suppl): S495–501. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.12.017. PMID 20331949.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 White RH (2003). "The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism". Circulation. 107 (23 Suppl 1): I4–8. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000078468.11849.66. PMID 12814979. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Silverstein MD, Heit JA, Mohr DN, Petterson TM, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ (1998). "Trends in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a 25-year population-based study". Arch. Intern. Med. 158 (6): 585–93. PMID 9521222. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kniffin WD, Baron JA, Barrett J, Birkmeyer JD, Anderson FA (1994). "The epidemiology of diagnosed pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis in the elderly". Arch. Intern. Med. 154 (8): 861–6. PMID 8154949. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Cushman M, Tsai AW, White RH; et al. (2004). "Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in two cohorts: the longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiology". Am. J. Med. 117 (1): 19–25. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.018. PMID 15210384. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ "Venous Thromboembolism in Adult Hospitalizations — United States, 2007–2009". Retrieved 2012-10-06.
- ↑ Ridker PM, Miletich JP, Hennekens CH, Buring JE (1997). "Ethnic distribution of factor V Leiden in 4047 men and women. Implications for venous thromboembolism screening". JAMA. 277 (16): 1305–7. PMID 9109469.
- ↑ Gregg JP, Yamane AJ, Grody WW (1997). "Prevalence of the factor V-Leiden mutation in four distinct American ethnic populations". Am J Med Genet. 73 (3): 334–6. PMID 9415695.
- ↑ Heit JA, Mohr DN, Silverstein MD, Petterson TM, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ (2000). "Predictors of recurrence after deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based cohort study". Arch. Intern. Med. 160 (6): 761–8. PMID 10737275. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)