Chronic diarrhea causes: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
m (Bot: Removing from Primary care)
 
(12 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown)
Line 4: Line 4:


==Overview==
==Overview==
Depending on the socio economic status of the population, chronic diarrhea can be caused by several factors. In a developing nation, the most likely causes of chronic bacteria include; [[Mycobacterium|mycobacterial]] and [[parasitic infections]] and less likely to include functional disorders such as [[malabsorption]] and [[Inflammatory bowel disease|inflammatory bowel diseases]]. In a developed nation however, the most likely cause of diarrhea include; [[irritable bowel syndrome]] (IBS), [[inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Malabsorption syndrome|malabsorption syndromes]] (such as [[lactose intolerance]] and [[celiac disease]]), and chronic infections (particularly in patients who are [[immunocompromised]]).
Depending on the socioeconomic status of the [[population]], chronic [[diarrhea]] can be caused by several factors. In a developing nation, the most likely causes of chronic [[diarrhea]] are [[Mycobacterial infection|mycobacterial]] and [[parasitic infections]], while functional disorders such as [[malabsorption]] and [[Inflammatory bowel disease|inflammatory bowel diseases]] are less likely causes. In a developed nation, however, the most likely causes of [[diarrhea]] are [[irritable bowel syndrome]] (IBS), [[inflammatory bowel disease]], [[malabsorption]] syndromes (such as [[lactose intolerance]] and [[celiac disease]]), and chronic [[infections]] (particularly in patients who are [[immunocompromised]]).
 
==Causes==
===Life threatening causes===
===Life threatening causes===
<code>Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.</code>
There are no life-threatening causes of chronic [[diarrhea]]; however, complications resulting from untreated chronic [[diarrhea]] are common.
 
There are no life-threatening causes of chronic diaarrhea, however complications resulting from untreated chronic diarrhea is common.


===Common causes===
===Common causes===
 
There following are some of the common causes of chronic [[diarrhea]]:<ref name="pmid20417725">{{cite journal| author=Jamma S, Rubio-Tapia A, Kelly CP, Murray J, Najarian R, Sheth S et al.| title=Celiac crisis is a rare but serious complication of celiac disease in adults. | journal=Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol | year= 2010 | volume= 8 | issue= 7 | pages= 587-90 | pmid=20417725 | doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2010.04.009 | pmc=2900539 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20417725  }} </ref><ref name="pmid698649">{{cite journal| author=Manning AP, Thompson WG, Heaton KW, Morris AF| title=Towards positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1978 | volume= 2 | issue= 6138 | pages= 653-4 | pmid=698649 | doi= | pmc=1607467 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=698649  }} </ref><ref name="pmid381094">{{cite journal| author=Mekhjian HS, Switz DM, Melnyk CS, Rankin GB, Brooks RK| title=Clinical features and natural history of Crohn's disease. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 1979 | volume= 77 | issue= 4 Pt 2 | pages= 898-906 | pmid=381094 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=381094  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16151544">{{cite journal| author=Silverberg MS, Satsangi J, Ahmad T, Arnott ID, Bernstein CN, Brant SR et al.| title=Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology. | journal=Can J Gastroenterol | year= 2005 | volume= 19 Suppl A | issue=  | pages= 5A-36A | pmid=16151544 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16151544  }} </ref><ref name="pmid7615277">{{cite journal| author=Veress B, Löfberg R, Bergman L| title=Microscopic colitis syndrome. | journal=Gut | year= 1995 | volume= 36 | issue= 6 | pages= 880-6 | pmid=7615277 | doi= | pmc=1382626 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7615277  }} </ref> 
*'''[[Celiac disease|Malabsorption]]''':  
*'''[[Celiac disease|Malabsorption]]'''
**[[Cystic fibrosis]],  
**[[Cystic fibrosis]]
**C[[celiac disease|eliac disease]],
**[[celiac disease|Celiac disease]]
**Disaccharidase deficiency
**[[Disaccharidase|Disaccharidase deficiency]]
*'''[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]'''<ref name="pmid698649">{{cite journal| author=Manning AP, Thompson WG, Heaton KW, Morris AF| title=Towards positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1978 | volume= 2 | issue= 6138 | pages= 653-4 | pmid=698649 | doi= | pmc=1607467 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=698649  }} </ref>
*'''[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]'''
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease|'''Inflammatory bowel disease''':]]
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease|'''Inflammatory bowel disease''']]
**[[Crohn's disease|Crohn disease]]<ref name="pmid381094">{{cite journal| author=Mekhjian HS, Switz DM, Melnyk CS, Rankin GB, Brooks RK| title=Clinical features and natural history of Crohn's disease. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 1979 | volume= 77 | issue= 4 Pt 2 | pages= 898-906 | pmid=381094 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=381094  }} </ref>
**[[Crohn's disease|Crohn disease]]
**[[ulcerative colitis|Ulcerative colitis]]<ref name="pmid16151544">{{cite journal| author=Silverberg MS, Satsangi J, Ahmad T, Arnott ID, Bernstein CN, Brant SR et al.| title=Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology. | journal=Can J Gastroenterol | year= 2005 | volume= 19 Suppl A | issue=  | pages= 5A-36A | pmid=16151544 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16151544  }} </ref>
**[[ulcerative colitis|Ulcerative colitis]]
* '''[[Microscopic colitis]]'''
* '''[[Microscopic colitis]]'''
*'''Anatomic abnormalities'''
**[[Intussusception]]
**[[Hirschsprung's disease]] (with and without toxic [[megacolon]])
**[[Partial bowel obstructions|Partial bowel obstruction]]
**[[Blind loop syndrome]] (also in patients with dysmotility)
**Intestinal lymphangiectasis
**[[Short gut syndrome]]


*'''Gastrointestinal infections''';
*[[Immunodeficiency|'''Immunodeficiency''']]  
**[[Viruses]], 
**[[Severe combined immunodeficiency disorder]] and other genetic disorders  
**[[Bacteria]] 
**[[HIV]]
**[[Parasites|Parasites.]]
*'''Anatomic abnormalities''';
**Intussusception,
**Hirschsprung disease (± toxic megacolon)
**Partial bowel obstruction,
**Blind loop syndrome (also in patients with dysmotility),
**Intestinal lymphangiectasis,
**Short gut syndrome.
 
*[[Immunodeficiency|'''Immunodeficiency''']];
**Severe combined immunodeficiencies and other genetic disorders,
**HIV


*'''Endocrine diarrhea''':
*'''Endocrine diarrhea'''  
**[[Addison's disease|Addison disease]],
**[[Addison's disease]]  
**[[carcinoid tumors]],
**[[Carcinoid tumors]]  
**[[VIPoma|Vipoma]],
**[[VIPoma|Vipoma]]  
**[[gastrinoma]] ([[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]),
**[[Gastrinoma]] ([[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]])  
**[[mastocytosis]]  or increased motility (
**[[Mastocytosis]]  or increased motility
**[[hyperthyroidism]]  
**[[Hyperthyroidism]]  


*'''[[Giardiasis]]''': Patients presents with excess gas, [[steatorrhea]] (malabsorption). [[Giardia lamblia infection|Giardia]] fecal antigen test is diagnostic.
*'''Infectious enteritis or colitis (diarrhea not associated with ''C. difficile'')'''  
 
**[[Bacterial gastroenteritis]]  
*'''Infectious enteritis or colitis (diarrhea not associated with C. difficile)''':
**[[Viral gastroenteritis]]  
**[[bacterial gastroenteritis]],
**[[Amebic dysentery]]  
**[[viral gastroenteritis]],
**[[amebic dysentery]].


*'''[[Ischemic colitis]]'''
*'''[[Ischemic colitis]]'''


*'''Miscellaneous''';
*'''Miscellaneous'''  
**Antibiotic-associated diarrhea,
**Antibiotic-associated diarrhea  
**[[pseudomembranous colitis]],
**[[Pseudomembranous colitis]]  
**[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|Hemolytic uremic syndrome]],
**[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]  
**[[neonatal drug withdrawal]]
**[[Neonatal drug withdrawal]]


===Drugs that commonly cause diarrhea<ref name="pmid8614603">{{cite journal| author=Branski D, Lerner A, Lebenthal E| title=Chronic diarrhea and malabsorption. | journal=Pediatr Clin North Am | year= 1996 | volume= 43 | issue= 2 | pages= 307-31 | pmid=8614603 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8614603  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28407743">{{cite journal| author=Kroschinsky F, Stölzel F, von Bonin S, Beutel G, Kochanek M, Kiehl M et al.| title=New drugs, new toxicities: severe side effects of modern targeted and immunotherapy of cancer and their management. | journal=Crit Care | year= 2017 | volume= 21 | issue= 1 | pages= 89 | pmid=28407743 | doi=10.1186/s13054-017-1678-1 | pmc=5391608 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28407743  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28027072">{{cite journal| author=Philip NA, Ahmed N, Pitchumoni CS| title=Spectrum of Drug-induced Chronic Diarrhea. | journal=J Clin Gastroenterol | year= 2017 | volume= 51 | issue= 2 | pages= 111-117 | pmid=28027072 | doi=10.1097/MCG.0000000000000752 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28027072  }} </ref>===
===Drugs that commonly cause diarrhea<ref name="pmid8614603">{{cite journal| author=Branski D, Lerner A, Lebenthal E| title=Chronic diarrhea and malabsorption. | journal=Pediatr Clin North Am | year= 1996 | volume= 43 | issue= 2 | pages= 307-31 | pmid=8614603 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8614603  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28407743">{{cite journal| author=Kroschinsky F, Stölzel F, von Bonin S, Beutel G, Kochanek M, Kiehl M et al.| title=New drugs, new toxicities: severe side effects of modern targeted and immunotherapy of cancer and their management. | journal=Crit Care | year= 2017 | volume= 21 | issue= 1 | pages= 89 | pmid=28407743 | doi=10.1186/s13054-017-1678-1 | pmc=5391608 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28407743  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28027072">{{cite journal| author=Philip NA, Ahmed N, Pitchumoni CS| title=Spectrum of Drug-induced Chronic Diarrhea. | journal=J Clin Gastroenterol | year= 2017 | volume= 51 | issue= 2 | pages= 111-117 | pmid=28027072 | doi=10.1097/MCG.0000000000000752 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28027072  }} </ref>===
Line 103: Line 94:
{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]

Latest revision as of 20:57, 29 July 2020

Chronic diarrhea Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Chronic diarrhea from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]

Overview

Depending on the socioeconomic status of the population, chronic diarrhea can be caused by several factors. In a developing nation, the most likely causes of chronic diarrhea are mycobacterial and parasitic infections, while functional disorders such as malabsorption and inflammatory bowel diseases are less likely causes. In a developed nation, however, the most likely causes of diarrhea are irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorption syndromes (such as lactose intolerance and celiac disease), and chronic infections (particularly in patients who are immunocompromised).

Causes

Life threatening causes

There are no life-threatening causes of chronic diarrhea; however, complications resulting from untreated chronic diarrhea are common.

Common causes

There following are some of the common causes of chronic diarrhea:[1][2][3][4][5]

Drugs that commonly cause diarrhea[6][7][8]

References

  1. ↑ Jamma S, Rubio-Tapia A, Kelly CP, Murray J, Najarian R, Sheth S; et al. (2010). "Celiac crisis is a rare but serious complication of celiac disease in adults". Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 8 (7): 587–90. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2010.04.009. PMC 2900539. PMID 20417725.
  2. ↑ Manning AP, Thompson WG, Heaton KW, Morris AF (1978). "Towards positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel". Br Med J. 2 (6138): 653–4. PMC 1607467. PMID 698649.
  3. ↑ Mekhjian HS, Switz DM, Melnyk CS, Rankin GB, Brooks RK (1979). "Clinical features and natural history of Crohn's disease". Gastroenterology. 77 (4 Pt 2): 898–906. PMID 381094.
  4. ↑ Silverberg MS, Satsangi J, Ahmad T, Arnott ID, Bernstein CN, Brant SR; et al. (2005). "Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology". Can J Gastroenterol. 19 Suppl A: 5A–36A. PMID 16151544.
  5. ↑ Veress B, Löfberg R, Bergman L (1995). "Microscopic colitis syndrome". Gut. 36 (6): 880–6. PMC 1382626. PMID 7615277.
  6. ↑ Branski D, Lerner A, Lebenthal E (1996). "Chronic diarrhea and malabsorption". Pediatr Clin North Am. 43 (2): 307–31. PMID 8614603.
  7. ↑ Kroschinsky F, Stölzel F, von Bonin S, Beutel G, Kochanek M, Kiehl M; et al. (2017). "New drugs, new toxicities: severe side effects of modern targeted and immunotherapy of cancer and their management". Crit Care. 21 (1): 89. doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1678-1. PMC 5391608. PMID 28407743.
  8. ↑ Philip NA, Ahmed N, Pitchumoni CS (2017). "Spectrum of Drug-induced Chronic Diarrhea". J Clin Gastroenterol. 51 (2): 111–117. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000000752. PMID 28027072.

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Chronic_diarrhea_causes&oldid=1636064"