Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 19:36, 31 July 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]Sabawoon Mirwais, M.B.B.S, M.D.[3]

Overview

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor must be differentiated from medulloblastoma, pineoblastoma, spinal primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and other pineal gland masses.^[1]^[2]

Differentiating Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor from other Diseases

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor must be differentiated from:^[1]^[2]

On the basis of seizure, visual disturbance, and constitutional symptoms, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor must be differentiated from Medulloblastoma, Pilocytic astrocytoma, Ependymoma, Craniopharyngioma, and Pinealoma.

	Symptoms				Physical examination	Lab Findings	MRI	Immunohistopathology
Diseases	Clinical manifestations					Para-clinical findings			Gold standard	Additional findings
	Symptoms				Physical examination	Para-clinical findings
	Head- ache	Seizure	Visual disturbance	Constitutional	Focal neurological deficit	Lab Findings	MRI	Immunohistopathology
Childhood primary brain tumors
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor	+	+/-	+/-	-	+	On CSF analysis: Large tumor cells Eccentricity of the nuclei Prominent nucleoli	Iso- to slight hyperintensity on T1-weighted imaging Hyperintensity on T2-weighted imaging	Loss of INI-1 staining in the neoplastic cells	Biopsy
Medulloblastoma ^[3]^[4]^[5]	+	+/−	+/−	−	+	−	Infratentorial Mostly in cerebellum Non communicating hydrocephalus	Neuroectoderm origin Homer wright rosettes	Biopsy	Drop metastasis (metastasis through CSF)
Pilocytic astrocytoma ^[6]^[7]^[8]	+	+/−	+/−	−	+	−	Infratentorial Solid and cystic component Mostly in posterior fossa Usually in cerebellar hemisphers and vermis	Glial cell origin Solid and cystic component GFAP +	Biopsy	Most of the time, cerebellar dysfunction is the presenting signs.
Ependymoma ^[9]^[10]	+	+/−	+/−	−	+	−	Infratentorial Usually found in 4th ventricle Mixed cystic/solid lesion Hydrocephalus	Ependymal cell origin Perivascular pseudorosette	Biopsy	Causes an unusually persistent, continuous headache in children.
Craniopharyngioma ^[11]^[12]^[13]^[10]	+	+/−	+ Bitemporal hemianopia	−	+	Hypopituitarism as a result of pressure effect on pituitary gland	Calcification Lobulated contour Motor-oil like fluid within tumor	Ectodermal origin (Rathkes pouch) Calcification +	Biopsy	Initialy presents with lower bitemporal quadrantanopsia followed by bitemporal hemianopsia (pressure on optic chiasma from above)
Pinealoma ^[14]^[15]^[16]	+	+/−	+/−	−	+ vertical gaze palsy	B-hCG rise leads to precocious puberty in males	Hydrocephalus (compression of cerebral aqueduct)	Similar to testicular seminoma	Biopsy	May cause prinaud syndrome (vertical gaze palsy, pupillary light-near dissociation, lid retraction and convergence-retraction nystagmus

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Differential diagnosis of Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/atypical-teratoidrhabdoid-tumour. Accessed on December 14, 2015
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Differential diagnosis of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atypical_teratoid_rhabdoid_tumor. Accessed on December 15, 2015
↑ Dorwart, R H; Wara, W M; Norman, D; Levin, V A (1981). "Complete myelographic evaluation of spinal metastases from medulloblastoma". Radiology. 139 (2): 403–408. doi:10.1148/radiology.139.2.7220886. ISSN 0033-8419.
↑ Fruehwald-Pallamar, Julia; Puchner, Stefan B.; Rossi, Andrea; Garre, Maria L.; Cama, Armando; Koelblinger, Claus; Osborn, Anne G.; Thurnher, Majda M. (2011). "Magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of medulloblastoma". Neuroradiology. 53 (6): 387–396. doi:10.1007/s00234-010-0829-8. ISSN 0028-3940.
↑ Burger, P. C.; Grahmann, F. C.; Bliestle, A.; Kleihues, P. (1987). "Differentiation in the medulloblastoma". Acta Neuropathologica. 73 (2): 115–123. doi:10.1007/BF00693776. ISSN 0001-6322.
↑ Sathornsumetee S, Rich JN, Reardon DA (November 2007). "Diagnosis and treatment of high-grade astrocytoma". Neurol Clin. 25 (4): 1111–39, x. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2007.07.004. PMID 17964028.
↑ Pedersen CL, Romner B (January 2013). "Current treatment of low grade astrocytoma: a review". Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 115 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.07.002. PMID 22819718.
↑ Mattle, Heinrich (2017). Fundamentals of neurology : an illustrated guide. Stuttgart New York: Thieme. ISBN 9783131364524.
↑ Yuh, E. L.; Barkovich, A. J.; Gupta, N. (2009). "Imaging of ependymomas: MRI and CT". Child's Nervous System. 25 (10): 1203–1213. doi:10.1007/s00381-009-0878-7. ISSN 0256-7040.
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1
↑ Brunel H, Raybaud C, Peretti-Viton P, Lena G, Girard N, Paz-Paredes A, Levrier O, Farnarier P, Manera L, Choux M (September 2002). "[Craniopharyngioma in children: MRI study of 43 cases]". Neurochirurgie (in French). 48 (4): 309–18. PMID 12407316.
↑ Prabhu, Vikram C.; Brown, Henry G. (2005). "The pathogenesis of craniopharyngiomas". Child's Nervous System. 21 (8–9): 622–627. doi:10.1007/s00381-005-1190-9. ISSN 0256-7040.
↑ Kennedy HB, Smith RJ (December 1975). "Eye signs in craniopharyngioma". Br J Ophthalmol. 59 (12): 689–95. PMC 1017436. PMID 766825.
↑ Ahmed SR, Shalet SM, Price DA, Pearson D (September 1983). "Human chorionic gonadotrophin secreting pineal germinoma and precocious puberty". Arch. Dis. Child. 58 (9): 743–5. PMID 6625640.
↑ Sano, Keiji (1976). "Pinealoma in Children". Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2 (1): 67–72. doi:10.1159/000119602. ISSN 1016-2291.
↑ Baggenstoss, Archie H. (1939). "PINEALOMAS". Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry. 41 (6): 1187. doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1939.02270180115011. ISSN 0096-6754.

Template:WH Template:WS

[ddxatrt1-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Differential diagnosis of Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/atypical-teratoidrhabdoid-tumour. Accessed on December 14, 2015

[ddxatrt2-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Differential diagnosis of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atypical_teratoid_rhabdoid_tumor. Accessed on December 15, 2015

[DorwartWara1981-3] Dorwart, R H; Wara, W M; Norman, D; Levin, V A (1981). "Complete myelographic evaluation of spinal metastases from medulloblastoma". Radiology. 139 (2): 403–408. doi:10.1148/radiology.139.2.7220886. ISSN 0033-8419.

[Fruehwald-PallamarPuchner2011-4] Fruehwald-Pallamar, Julia; Puchner, Stefan B.; Rossi, Andrea; Garre, Maria L.; Cama, Armando; Koelblinger, Claus; Osborn, Anne G.; Thurnher, Majda M. (2011). "Magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of medulloblastoma". Neuroradiology. 53 (6): 387–396. doi:10.1007/s00234-010-0829-8. ISSN 0028-3940.

[BurgerGrahmann1987-5] Burger, P. C.; Grahmann, F. C.; Bliestle, A.; Kleihues, P. (1987). "Differentiation in the medulloblastoma". Acta Neuropathologica. 73 (2): 115–123. doi:10.1007/BF00693776. ISSN 0001-6322.

[pmid179640282-6] Sathornsumetee S, Rich JN, Reardon DA (November 2007). "Diagnosis and treatment of high-grade astrocytoma". Neurol Clin. 25 (4): 1111–39, x. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2007.07.004. PMID 17964028.

[pmid228197182-7] Pedersen CL, Romner B (January 2013). "Current treatment of low grade astrocytoma: a review". Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 115 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.07.002. PMID 22819718.

[:02-8] Mattle, Heinrich (2017). Fundamentals of neurology : an illustrated guide. Stuttgart New York: Thieme. ISBN 9783131364524.

[YuhBarkovich2009-9] Yuh, E. L.; Barkovich, A. J.; Gupta, N. (2009). "Imaging of ependymomas: MRI and CT". Child's Nervous System. 25 (10): 1203–1213. doi:10.1007/s00381-009-0878-7. ISSN 0256-7040.

[:0-10] 10.0 ^10.1

[pmid12407316-11] Brunel H, Raybaud C, Peretti-Viton P, Lena G, Girard N, Paz-Paredes A, Levrier O, Farnarier P, Manera L, Choux M (September 2002). "[Craniopharyngioma in children: MRI study of 43 cases]". Neurochirurgie (in French). 48 (4): 309–18. PMID 12407316.

[PrabhuBrown2005-12] Prabhu, Vikram C.; Brown, Henry G. (2005). "The pathogenesis of craniopharyngiomas". Child's Nervous System. 21 (8–9): 622–627. doi:10.1007/s00381-005-1190-9. ISSN 0256-7040.

[pmid766825-13] Kennedy HB, Smith RJ (December 1975). "Eye signs in craniopharyngioma". Br J Ophthalmol. 59 (12): 689–95. PMC 1017436. PMID 766825.

[pmid6625640-14] Ahmed SR, Shalet SM, Price DA, Pearson D (September 1983). "Human chorionic gonadotrophin secreting pineal germinoma and precocious puberty". Arch. Dis. Child. 58 (9): 743–5. PMID 6625640.

[Sano1976-15] Sano, Keiji (1976). "Pinealoma in Children". Pediatric Neurosurgery. 2 (1): 67–72. doi:10.1159/000119602. ISSN 1016-2291.

[Baggenstoss1939-16] Baggenstoss, Archie H. (1939). "PINEALOMAS". Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry. 41 (6): 1187. doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1939.02270180115011. ISSN 0096-6754.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
-{{Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor}}
+[[Image:Home_logo1.png|right|250px|link=https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Atypical_teratoid_rhabdoid_tumor]]
-{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{SR}}
+{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{SR}}{{Sab}}
 ==Overview==
-Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor must be differentiated from [[medulloblastoma]], [[pineoblastoma]], spinal primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and [[pineal gland tumor|other pineal gland masses]].<ref name=ddxatrt1>Differential diagnosis of Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/atypical-teratoidrhabdoid-tumour. Accessed on December 14, 2015</ref><ref name=ddxatrt2>Differential diagnosis of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atypical_teratoid_rhabdoid_tumor. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref>
+Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor must be differentiated from [[medulloblastoma]], [[pineoblastoma]], spinal primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and [[pineal gland tumor|other pineal gland masses]].<ref name="ddxatrt1">Differential diagnosis of Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/atypical-teratoidrhabdoid-tumour. Accessed on December 14, 2015</ref><ref name="ddxatrt2">Differential diagnosis of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atypical_teratoid_rhabdoid_tumor. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref>
 ==Differentiating Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor from other Diseases==
-Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor must be differentiated from:<ref name=ddxatrt1>Differential diagnosis of Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/atypical-teratoidrhabdoid-tumour. Accessed on December 14, 2015</ref><ref name=ddxatrt2>Differential diagnosis of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atypical_teratoid_rhabdoid_tumor. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref>
+Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor must be differentiated from:<ref name="ddxatrt1">Differential diagnosis of Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/atypical-teratoidrhabdoid-tumour. Accessed on December 14, 2015</ref><ref name="ddxatrt2">Differential diagnosis of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atypical_teratoid_rhabdoid_tumor. Accessed on December 15, 2015</ref>
 *[[Medulloblastoma]]
 *[[Pineoblastoma]]
 *Spinal primitive neuroectodermal tumors
 *[[pineal gland tumor|Other pineal gland masses]]
-*Intracerebral teratoma
+*[[teratoma|Intracerebral teratoma]]
 *[[Choroid plexus papilloma and carcinoma|Choroid plexus carcinoma]]
+=== On the basis of [[seizure]], [[visual disturbance]], and constitutional symptoms, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor must be differentiated from [[Medulloblastoma]], [[Pilocytic astrocytoma]], [[Ependymoma]], [[Craniopharyngioma]], and [[Pinealoma]]. ===
+{|
+|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
+! rowspan="4" |Diseases
+| colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Clinical manifestations'''
+! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |Para-clinical findings
+| colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Gold<br>standard'''
+! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings
+|-
+| colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Symptoms'''
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physical examination
+|-
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab Findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |MRI
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Immunohistopathology
+|-
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Head-<br>ache
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Seizure
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Visual disturbance
+! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Constitutional
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Focal neurological deficit
+|-
+! colspan="11" style="background: #7d7d7d; color: #FFFFFF; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Childhood primary brain tumors
+|-
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |+
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |+/-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |+/-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |-
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |+
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |On [[CSF]] analysis:
+* Large [[tumor]] [[Cell (biology)|cells]]
+* Eccentricity of the [[Cell nucleus|nuclei]]
+* Prominent [[Nucleolus|nucleoli]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
+* Iso- to slight hyperintensity on T1-weighted [[imaging]]
+* Hyperintensity on T2-weighted [[imaging]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
+* Loss of INI-1 [[staining]] in the [[Cancer|neoplastic]] [[Cell (biology)|cells]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |
+* [[Biopsy]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+|-
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Medulloblastoma]]<br><ref name="DorwartWara1981">{{cite journal|last1=Dorwart|first1=R H|last2=Wara|first2=W M|last3=Norman|first3=D|last4=Levin|first4=V A|title=Complete myelographic evaluation of spinal metastases from medulloblastoma.|journal=Radiology|volume=139|issue=2|year=1981|pages=403–408|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/radiology.139.2.7220886}}</ref><ref name="Fruehwald-PallamarPuchner2011">{{cite journal|last1=Fruehwald-Pallamar|first1=Julia|last2=Puchner|first2=Stefan B.|last3=Rossi|first3=Andrea|last4=Garre|first4=Maria L.|last5=Cama|first5=Armando|last6=Koelblinger|first6=Claus|last7=Osborn|first7=Anne G.|last8=Thurnher|first8=Majda M.|title=Magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of medulloblastoma|journal=Neuroradiology|volume=53|issue=6|year=2011|pages=387–396|issn=0028-3940|doi=10.1007/s00234-010-0829-8}}</ref><ref name="BurgerGrahmann1987">{{cite journal|last1=Burger|first1=P. C.|last2=Grahmann|first2=F. C.|last3=Bliestle|first3=A.|last4=Kleihues|first4=P.|title=Differentiation in the medulloblastoma|journal=Acta Neuropathologica|volume=73|issue=2|year=1987|pages=115–123|issn=0001-6322|doi=10.1007/BF00693776}}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | −
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | −
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Infratentorial]]
+* Mostly in [[cerebellum]]
+* Non communicating [[hydrocephalus]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Neuroectoderm]] origin
+* Homer wright rosettes
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Biopsy]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Drop metastasis]] ([[metastasis]] through [[CSF]])
+|-
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Pilocytic astrocytoma]]<br><ref name="pmid179640282">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sathornsumetee S, Rich JN, Reardon DA |title=Diagnosis and treatment of high-grade astrocytoma |journal=Neurol Clin |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=1111–39, x |date=November 2007 |pmid=17964028 |doi=10.1016/j.ncl.2007.07.004 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid228197182">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pedersen CL, Romner B |title=Current treatment of low grade astrocytoma: a review |journal=Clin Neurol Neurosurg |volume=115 |issue=1 |pages=1–8 |date=January 2013 |pmid=22819718 |doi=10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.07.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{cite book | last = Mattle | first = Heinrich | title = Fundamentals of neurology : an illustrated guide | publisher = Thieme | location = Stuttgart New York | year = 2017 | isbn = 9783131364524 }}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | −
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | −
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Infratentorial]]
+* Solid and [[Cyst|cystic]] component
+* Mostly in [[posterior fossa]]
+* Usually in [[Cerebellar hemisphere|cerebellar hemisphers]] and [[Cerebellar vermis|vermis]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Glial cell]] origin
+*Solid and [[Cyst|cystic]] component
+* [[GFAP]] +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Biopsy]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Most of the time, [[Cerebellum|cerebellar]] dysfunction is the presenting [[signs]].
+|-
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Ependymoma]]<br><ref name="YuhBarkovich2009">{{cite journal|last1=Yuh|first1=E. L.|last2=Barkovich|first2=A. J.|last3=Gupta|first3=N.|title=Imaging of ependymomas: MRI and CT|journal=Child's Nervous System|volume=25|issue=10|year=2009|pages=1203–1213|issn=0256-7040|doi=10.1007/s00381-009-0878-7}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | −
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | −
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Infratentorial]]
+* Usually found in [[Fourth ventricle|4th ventricle]]
+* Mixed [[Cyst|cystic]]/solid [[lesion]]
+* Hydrocephalus
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Ependymal cell]] origin
+* Peri[[vascular]] pseudorosette
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Biopsy]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Causes an unusually persistent, continuous [[headache]] in children.
+|-
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Craniopharyngioma]]<br><ref name="pmid12407316">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brunel H, Raybaud C, Peretti-Viton P, Lena G, Girard N, Paz-Paredes A, Levrier O, Farnarier P, Manera L, Choux M |title=[Craniopharyngioma in children: MRI study of 43 cases] |language=French |journal=Neurochirurgie |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=309–18 |date=September 2002 |pmid=12407316 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="PrabhuBrown2005">{{cite journal|last1=Prabhu|first1=Vikram C.|last2=Brown|first2=Henry G.|title=The pathogenesis of craniopharyngiomas|journal=Child's Nervous System|volume=21|issue=8-9|year=2005|pages=622–627|issn=0256-7040|doi=10.1007/s00381-005-1190-9}}</ref><ref name="pmid766825">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kennedy HB, Smith RJ |title=Eye signs in craniopharyngioma |journal=Br J Ophthalmol |volume=59 |issue=12 |pages=689–95 |date=December 1975 |pmid=766825 |pmc=1017436 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | + [[Bitemporal hemianopia]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | −
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Hypopituitarism]] as a result of pressure effect on [[pituitary gland]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Calcification]]
+* Lobulated contour
+* Motor-oil like fluid within [[tumor]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Ectoderm|Ectodermal]] origin ([[Rathke's pouch|Rathkes pouch]])
+* [[Calcification]] +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Biopsy]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Initialy presents with lower bitemporal quadrantanopsia followed by [[Bitemporal hemianopia|bitemporal hemianopsia]] (pressure on [[Optic chiasm|optic chiasma]] from above)
+|-
+| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Pinealoma]]<br><ref name="pmid6625640">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ahmed SR, Shalet SM, Price DA, Pearson D |title=Human chorionic gonadotrophin secreting pineal germinoma and precocious puberty |journal=Arch. Dis. Child. |volume=58 |issue=9 |pages=743–5 |date=September 1983 |pmid=6625640 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="Sano1976">{{cite journal|last1=Sano|first1=Keiji|title=Pinealoma in Children|journal=Pediatric Neurosurgery|volume=2|issue=1|year=1976|pages=67–72|issn=1016-2291|doi=10.1159/000119602}}</ref><ref name="Baggenstoss1939">{{cite journal|last1=Baggenstoss|first1=Archie H.|title=PINEALOMAS|journal=Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry|volume=41|issue=6|year=1939|pages=1187|issn=0096-6754|doi=10.1001/archneurpsyc.1939.02270180115011}}</ref>
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | −
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | + vertical gaze palsy
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* B-hCG rise leads to [[precocious puberty]] in [[Male|males]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Hydrocephalus]] (compression of [[cerebral aqueduct]])
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* Similar to [[testicular seminoma]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* [[Biopsy]]
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
+* May cause prinaud syndrome ([[Vertical gaze center|vertical gaze]] palsy, pupillary light-near dissociation, lid retraction and convergence-retraction [[nystagmus]]
+|-
+|}
 ==References==
 {{reflist|2}}