Antiphospholipid syndrome physical examination: Difference between revisions

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===Back===
===Back===
* Back examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
* Back examination of patients with APS is usually normal.
OR
*Point tenderness over __ vertebrae (e.g. L3-L4)
*Sacral edema
*Costovertebral angle tenderness bilaterally/unilaterally
*Buffalo hump


===Genitourinary===
===Genitourinary===

Revision as of 19:04, 11 April 2018

Antiphospholipid syndrome Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]

Overview

Physical Examination

Physical examination shows no pathognomonic physical findings of APS; however, abnormal features may be found on examination that are related to infarction or ischemia of the skin, viscera, or the central nervous system.

Appearance of the Patient

  • Patients with APS usually appear normal.

Vital Signs

  • Low-grade fever may be present.

Cutaneous manifestations

Skin examination of patients with APS is usually positive for:

  • Livedo reticularis
  • Purpura
  • Superficial thrombophelibitis
  • Leg ulcers
  • Splinter hemorrhages
  • Gangrene of the distal extremities
  • Leg swelling

HEENT

Abnormal fundoscopic examination findings:

  • Retinal artery occlusion findings
  • Retinal vein thrombosis findings

Neck

  • Neck examination of patients with APS is usually normal.

Lungs

Pulmonary examination of patients with APS may show the following findings:

  • Tachypnea in case of pulmonary embolism.

Heart

  • Cardiovascular examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.

OR

  • Chest tenderness upon palpation
  • PMI within 2 cm of the sternum (PMI) / Displaced point of maximal impulse (PMI) suggestive of ____
  • Heave / thrill
  • Friction rub
  • S1
  • S2
  • S3
  • S4
  • Gallops
  • A high/low grade early/late systolic murmur / diastolic murmur best heard at the base/apex/(specific valve region) may be heard using the bell/diaphgram of the otoscope

Abdomen

Abdominal examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.

OR

Back

  • Back examination of patients with APS is usually normal.

Genitourinary

  • Genitourinary examination of patients with APS is usually normal.

Neuromuscular

  • Neurological exam findings consistent with stroke or transient ischemic attack.
  • Migraine
  • Vascular dementia

References