Acute retinal necrosis causes: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Acute retinal necrosis}} | {{Acute retinal necrosis}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{LRO}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{LRO}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Acute [[retinal]] [[necrosis]] is usually caused by reactivation of latent viruses, including [[Herpes simplex virus]] 1 & 2, [[Varicella-zoster virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], and [[Epstein-Barr virus]]. | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Acute [[retinal]] [[necrosis]] (ARN) is usually caused by the reactivation of the following pathogenic [[viruses]] in the ''[[Herpesviridae]]'' family:<ref name="pmid24932179">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pikkel YY, Pikkel J |title=Acute retinal necrosis in childhood |journal=Case Rep Ophthalmol |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=138–43 |year=2014 |pmid=24932179 |pmc=4049010 |doi=10.1159/000363130 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18584565">{{cite journal| author=Kawaguchi T, Spencer DB, Mochizuki M| title=Therapy for acute retinal necrosis. | journal=Semin Ophthalmol | year= 2008 | volume= 23 | issue= 4 | pages= 285-90 | pmid=18584565 | doi=10.1080/08820530802111192 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18584565 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18584564">{{cite journal| author=Usui Y, Goto H| title=Overview and diagnosis of acute retinal necrosis syndrome. | journal=Semin Ophthalmol | year= 2008 | volume= 23 | issue= 4 | pages= 275-83 | pmid=18584564 | doi=10.1080/08820530802111325 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18584564 }} </ref><ref name="pmid17264500">{{cite journal| author=Kezuka T, Atherton SS| title=Acute retinal necrosis. | journal=Chem Immunol Allergy | year= 2007 | volume= 92 | issue= | pages= 244-53 | pmid=17264500 | doi=10.1159/000099275 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17264500 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16282149">{{cite journal| author=Bonfioli AA, Eller AW| title=Acute retinal necrosis. | journal=Semin Ophthalmol | year= 2005 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 155-60 | pmid=16282149 | doi=10.1080/08820530500232027 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16282149 }} </ref><ref name="ARNopth">{{cite journal| author=Chun HL, Missotten T, Salzmann J, Lightman SL | title=Acute Retinal Necrosis: Features, Management, and Outcomes | journal=Opthalmology | year=2007 | volume=114 | Issue=4 | pages=756-762 | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0161642006012073 }}</ref> | |||
*''[[Herpes simplex virus]]'' 1 (HSV-1) | |||
*''[[Herpes simplex virus]]'' 2 (HSV-2) | |||
*[[Varicella-zoster virus]] (VZV) | |||
*Less commonly, ARN can be caused by [[Epstein-Barr virus]] and [[cytomegalovirus]].<ref name="pmid16282149">{{cite journal| author=Bonfioli AA, Eller AW| title=Acute retinal necrosis. | journal=Semin Ophthalmol | year= 2005 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 155-60 | pmid=16282149 | doi=10.1080/08820530500232027 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16282149 }} </ref><ref name="pmid10682968">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ganatra JB, Chandler D, Santos C, Kuppermann B, Margolis TP |title=Viral causes of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome |journal=Am. J. Ophthalmol. |volume=129 |issue=2 |pages=166–72 |year=2000 |pmid=10682968 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1645179">{{cite journal| author=Gartry DS, Spalton DJ, Tilzey A, Hykin PG| title=Acute retinal necrosis syndrome. | journal=Br J Ophthalmol | year= 1991 | volume= 75 | issue= 5 | pages= 292-7 | pmid=1645179 | doi= | pmc=1042358 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1645179 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Varicella-zoster virus|VZV]] and [[Herpes simplex virus|HSV-1]] are usually the causes of ARN in individuals older than 25 years. | |||
*The majority of the ARN cases for individuals older than 50 years are caused by VZV and HSV-1.<ref name="pmid25356955">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brydak-Godowska J, Borkowski P, Szczepanik S, Moneta-Wielgoś J, Kęcik D |title=Clinical manifestation of self-limiting acute retinal necrosis |journal=Med. Sci. Monit. |volume=20 |issue= |pages=2088–96 |year=2014 |pmid=25356955 |pmc=4226315 |doi=10.12659/MSM.890469 |url=}}</ref> | |||
[[Herpes simplex virus|HSV-2]] is usually the cause of ARN in individuals younger than 25 years. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Ophthalmology]] | [[Category:Ophthalmology]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
Latest revision as of 20:16, 29 July 2020
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Acute retinal necrosis Microchapters |
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Acute retinal necrosis causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Acute retinal necrosis causes |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Acute retinal necrosis causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Acute retinal necrosis is usually caused by reactivation of latent viruses, including Herpes simplex virus 1 & 2, Varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus.
Causes
Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is usually caused by the reactivation of the following pathogenic viruses in the Herpesviridae family:[1][2][3][4][5][6]
- Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)
- Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)
- Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
- Less commonly, ARN can be caused by Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus.[5][7][8]
- VZV and HSV-1 are usually the causes of ARN in individuals older than 25 years.
- The majority of the ARN cases for individuals older than 50 years are caused by VZV and HSV-1.[9]
HSV-2 is usually the cause of ARN in individuals younger than 25 years.
References
- ↑ Pikkel YY, Pikkel J (2014). "Acute retinal necrosis in childhood". Case Rep Ophthalmol. 5 (2): 138–43. doi:10.1159/000363130. PMC 4049010. PMID 24932179.
- ↑ Kawaguchi T, Spencer DB, Mochizuki M (2008). "Therapy for acute retinal necrosis". Semin Ophthalmol. 23 (4): 285–90. doi:10.1080/08820530802111192. PMID 18584565.
- ↑ Usui Y, Goto H (2008). "Overview and diagnosis of acute retinal necrosis syndrome". Semin Ophthalmol. 23 (4): 275–83. doi:10.1080/08820530802111325. PMID 18584564.
- ↑ Kezuka T, Atherton SS (2007). "Acute retinal necrosis". Chem Immunol Allergy. 92: 244–53. doi:10.1159/000099275. PMID 17264500.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bonfioli AA, Eller AW (2005). "Acute retinal necrosis". Semin Ophthalmol. 20 (3): 155–60. doi:10.1080/08820530500232027. PMID 16282149.
- ↑ Chun HL, Missotten T, Salzmann J, Lightman SL (2007). "Acute Retinal Necrosis: Features, Management, and Outcomes". Opthalmology. 114: 756–762. Unknown parameter
|Issue=ignored (|issue=suggested) (help) - ↑ Ganatra JB, Chandler D, Santos C, Kuppermann B, Margolis TP (2000). "Viral causes of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome". Am. J. Ophthalmol. 129 (2): 166–72. PMID 10682968.
- ↑ Gartry DS, Spalton DJ, Tilzey A, Hykin PG (1991). "Acute retinal necrosis syndrome". Br J Ophthalmol. 75 (5): 292–7. PMC 1042358. PMID 1645179.
- ↑ Brydak-Godowska J, Borkowski P, Szczepanik S, Moneta-Wielgoś J, Kęcik D (2014). "Clinical manifestation of self-limiting acute retinal necrosis". Med. Sci. Monit. 20: 2088–96. doi:10.12659/MSM.890469. PMC 4226315. PMID 25356955.