Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung echocardiography or ultrasound

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Overview

On endobronchial and endoscopic ultrasound, characteristic findings of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, include: enlarged lymph nodes and local invasion to adjacent bronchial structures and mediastinum. Endobronchial ultrasound is a first-line diagnostic modality for mediastinal staging.

Ultrasound

  • Endobronchial ultrasound is a first-line diagnostic modality for mediastinal staging.[1]
  • Common features of endobronchial ultrasound, include: [2]
  • Evaluation of lymph nodes and other structures in the mediastinum
  • Mediastinum invasion staging
  • Determination of management strategy
  • Real time evaluation of structures
  • Sensitivity 90% and specificity of 97%
  • On ultrasound (endobronchial ultrasound), characteristic findings of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, include: [3][4][5]
  • The table below summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of both ultrasound modalities, for the diagnostic assessment of non-small cell lung cancer.[6][7][8][9]
Procedure Advantages Disadvantages
Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)
  • Direct visualization of lymph node stations.
  • Complements endoscopic ultrasound: covers lymph node stations 2R and 4R which are difficult to access by endoscopic ultrasound
  • Lower false-negative rate than with blind transbronchial fine needle aspiration and fewer complications
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)

Gallery

References

  1. Kinsey CM, Arenberg DA (2014). "Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for non-small cell lung cancer staging". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 189 (6): 640–9. doi:10.1164/rccm.201311-2007CI. PMID 24484269.
  2. Tests for non-small cell lung cancer. American Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/lungcancer-non-smallcell/detailedguide/non-small-cell-lung-cancer-diagnosis Accessed on February 25, 2016
  3. Micames CG, McCrory DC, Pavey DA, Jowell PS, Gress FG (February 2007). "Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for non-small cell lung cancer staging: A systematic review and metaanalysis". Chest. 131 (2): 539–48. doi:10.1378/chest.06-1437. PMID 17296659.
  4. Kim ES, Bosquée L (June 2007). "The importance of accurate lymph node staging in early and locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: an update on available techniques". J Thorac Oncol. 2 Suppl 2: S59–67. doi:10.1097/01.JTO.0000269738.13586.fd. PMID 17589301.
  5. Wiersema M et al. Real-time endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of a mediastinal lymph node. Gastrointest Endosc 1993, 39(3):429-431
  6. Wallace MB, Pascual JM, Raimondo M, et al. (February 2008). "Minimally invasive endoscopic staging of suspected lung cancer". JAMA. 299 (5): 540–6. doi:10.1001/jama.299.5.540. PMID 18252884.
  7. Singh P et al. Endoscopic ultrasound as a first test for diagnosis and staging of lung cancer: a prospective study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007, 175(4):345-354.
  8. Cerfolio R, Bryant A, Ojha B: Restaging patients with N2 (stage IIIa) non-small cell lung cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a prospective study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006, 131(6):1229-1235
  9. Yasufuku K et al. Endobronchial ultrasonography: current status and future directions. J Thorac Oncol 2007, 2(10):970-979.
  10. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eus_doppler_mediastinal_lymph_node.JPG#file
  11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lul_mass_linear_eus_1.jpg
  12. href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Ktg_usa" class="extiw" title="en:User:Ktg usa">Ktg usa</a> at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="en:">English language Wikipedia</a> [<a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GFDL</a> or <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">CC-BY-SA-3.0</a>], <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ALul_mass_radial_eus.jpg">


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