Lymphadenopathy epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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*There is no racial predilection for lymphadenopathy.<ref name="pmid24753638">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A |title=Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools |journal=Iran J Med Sci |volume=39 |issue=2 Suppl |pages=158–70 |year=2014 |pmid=24753638 |pmc=3993046 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *There is no racial predilection for lymphadenopathy.<ref name="pmid24753638">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A |title=Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools |journal=Iran J Med Sci |volume=39 |issue=2 Suppl |pages=158–70 |year=2014 |pmid=24753638 |pmc=3993046 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
Generalities can safely be made about the epidemiology of lymphadenopathy. <ref name="pmid30188316">{{cite journal| author=Siddiqui S, Osher J| title=Assessment of Neck Lumps in Relation to Dentistry. | journal=Prim Dent J | year= 2017 | volume= 6 | issue= 3 | pages= 44-50 | pmid=30188316 | doi=10.1308/205016817821931079 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30188316 }} </ref> <ref name="pmid30290041">{{cite journal| author=Loizos A, Soteriades ES, Pieridou D, Koliou MG| title=Lymphadenitis by non-tuberculous mycobacteria in children. | journal=Pediatr Int | year= 2018 | volume= 60 | issue= 12 | pages= 1062-1067 | pmid=30290041 | doi=10.1111/ped.13708 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30290041 }} </ref> <ref name="pmid29594802">{{cite journal| author=Prudent E, La Scola B, Drancourt M, Angelakis E, Raoult D| title=Molecular strategy for the diagnosis of infectious lymphadenitis. | journal=Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis | year= 2018 | volume= 37 | issue= 6 | pages= 1179-1186 | pmid=29594802 | doi=10.1007/s10096-018-3238-2 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29594802 }} </ref> | |||
First, both generalized and localized lymphadenopathies are fairly equally distributed without regard to gender. | |||
Second, lymphadenopathy is more prevalent in the pediatric population than in the adult population secondary to the greater number of viral infections. It would follow that the majority of the time, lymphadenopathy in the pediatric population is of less consequence again secondary to the prevalence of viral and bacterial infections in that age group. Three-quarters of all lymphadenopathy observed are localized, and of those three-quarters, half of these are localized to the head and neck area. All remaining localized lymphadenopathy is found in the inguinal area, and the remaining lymphadenopathy is found in the axilla in the supraclavicular area. Of note, the differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy changes significantly with the age of the patient. | |||
Third, the patient's location and circumstance are very revealing and lymphadenopathy. For example, in the developing world (sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, Indian subcontinent), exposure to parasites, HIV, and miliary TB are far more likely to be causes of generalized lymphadenopathy than in the United States and Europe. Whereas, Epstein-Barr virus, streptococcal pharyngitis, and some neoplastic processes are more likely candidates to cause lymphadenopathy in the United States and the remainder of the localized industrial world. An exposure history is very important for diagnosis. | |||
Exposure to blood and blood-borne products either through transfusion, unsafe sexual practices, intravenous drug abuse, or vocation | |||
Exposure to infectious disease whether it be travel, in the workplace, or the home | |||
Medication exposure-prescription, nonprescription, or supplements | |||
Exposure to animal-borne illness either via pets or the workplace | |||
Exposure to arthropod bites | |||
==References== | ==References== |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2] Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]
Overview
The estimated incidence of lymphadenopathy in children in the United States ranges from 35%- 45%. It is more common in the pediatric population. Race and gender have no predilection in lymphadenopathy incidence.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The estimated incidence of lymphadenopathy among children in the United States ranges from 35%- 45%.[1]
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop lymphadenopathy.
- Lymphadenopathy is more commonly observed among children.
Gender
- Lymphadenopathy affects men and women equally.
Race
- There is no racial predilection for lymphadenopathy.[1]
Generalities can safely be made about the epidemiology of lymphadenopathy. [2] [3] [4]
First, both generalized and localized lymphadenopathies are fairly equally distributed without regard to gender.
Second, lymphadenopathy is more prevalent in the pediatric population than in the adult population secondary to the greater number of viral infections. It would follow that the majority of the time, lymphadenopathy in the pediatric population is of less consequence again secondary to the prevalence of viral and bacterial infections in that age group. Three-quarters of all lymphadenopathy observed are localized, and of those three-quarters, half of these are localized to the head and neck area. All remaining localized lymphadenopathy is found in the inguinal area, and the remaining lymphadenopathy is found in the axilla in the supraclavicular area. Of note, the differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy changes significantly with the age of the patient.
Third, the patient's location and circumstance are very revealing and lymphadenopathy. For example, in the developing world (sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, Indian subcontinent), exposure to parasites, HIV, and miliary TB are far more likely to be causes of generalized lymphadenopathy than in the United States and Europe. Whereas, Epstein-Barr virus, streptococcal pharyngitis, and some neoplastic processes are more likely candidates to cause lymphadenopathy in the United States and the remainder of the localized industrial world. An exposure history is very important for diagnosis.
Exposure to blood and blood-borne products either through transfusion, unsafe sexual practices, intravenous drug abuse, or vocation Exposure to infectious disease whether it be travel, in the workplace, or the home Medication exposure-prescription, nonprescription, or supplements Exposure to animal-borne illness either via pets or the workplace Exposure to arthropod bites
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A (2014). "Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools". Iran J Med Sci. 39 (2 Suppl): 158–70. PMC 3993046. PMID 24753638.
- ↑ Siddiqui S, Osher J (2017). "Assessment of Neck Lumps in Relation to Dentistry". Prim Dent J. 6 (3): 44–50. doi:10.1308/205016817821931079. PMID 30188316.
- ↑ Loizos A, Soteriades ES, Pieridou D, Koliou MG (2018). "Lymphadenitis by non-tuberculous mycobacteria in children". Pediatr Int. 60 (12): 1062–1067. doi:10.1111/ped.13708. PMID 30290041.
- ↑ Prudent E, La Scola B, Drancourt M, Angelakis E, Raoult D (2018). "Molecular strategy for the diagnosis of infectious lymphadenitis". Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 37 (6): 1179–1186. doi:10.1007/s10096-018-3238-2. PMID 29594802.