Lymphadenopathy epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2] Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3] Delband Yekta Moazami, M.D.[4] Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD
Overview
The estimated incidence of lymphadenopathy in children in the United States ranges from 35%- 45%. It is more common in the pediatric population. Race and gender have no predilection in lymphadenopathy incidence.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The estimated incidence of lymphadenopathy among children in the United States ranges from 35%- 45%.[1]
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop lymphadenopathy.
- Lymphadenopathy is more commonly observed among children.
Gender
- Lymphadenopathy affects men and women equally.
Race
- The prevalence of lymphadenopathy does not vary by race.[1]
The epidemiology of lymphadenopathy may safely be made up of generalities.[2] [3] [4]
First, without regard to gender, both generalized and localized lymphadenopathies are fairly equal in distribution. Second, in the pediatric population, lymphadenopathy is more prevalent than in the adult population, due to a higher number of viral infections. It will follow that, in the pediatric population, lymphadenopathy is again secondary to the prevalence of viral and bacterial infections in that age group for the majority of the time. Three-quarters of all observed lymphadenopathies are localized, and half of the three-quarters are localized to the area of the head and neck. In the inguinal region, all remaining localized lymphadenopathy is located, and in the supraclavicular area, the remaining lymphadenopathy is found in the axilla. notable, with the age of the patient, the differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy varies dramatically. In the inguinal region, all remaining localized lymphadenopathy is located, and in the supraclavicular area, the remaining lymphadenopathy is found in the axilla. Of note, with the age of the patient, the differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy varies dramatically.
Third, the position and situation of the patient are very revealing, and lymphadenopathy. For example, parasite exposure, HIV, and military TB are much more likely to be causes of generalized lymphadenopathy in the developing world (sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, Indian subcontinent), than in the United States and Europe. Since, in the United States and the rest of the localized developed world, Epstein-Barr virus, streptococcal pharyngitis, and other neoplastic processes are more likely candidates to induce lymphadenopathy. For diagnosis, an exposure history is very relevant.
- Exposure, either by transfusion, unhealthy sexual habits, intravenous substance abuse, or vocation
- Exposure to infectious disease whether it be travel, in the workplace, or the home
- Medication exposure-prescription, nonprescription, or supplements
- Exposure either via pets or the workplace to animal-borne illness
- Exposure to bites from arthropods
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A (2014). "Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools". Iran J Med Sci. 39 (2 Suppl): 158–70. PMC 3993046. PMID 24753638.
- ↑ Siddiqui S, Osher J (2017). "Assessment of Neck Lumps in Relation to Dentistry". Prim Dent J. 6 (3): 44–50. doi:10.1308/205016817821931079. PMID 30188316.
- ↑ Loizos A, Soteriades ES, Pieridou D, Koliou MG (2018). "Lymphadenitis by non-tuberculous mycobacteria in children". Pediatr Int. 60 (12): 1062–1067. doi:10.1111/ped.13708. PMID 30290041.
- ↑ Prudent E, La Scola B, Drancourt M, Angelakis E, Raoult D (2018). "Molecular strategy for the diagnosis of infectious lymphadenitis". Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 37 (6): 1179–1186. doi:10.1007/s10096-018-3238-2. PMID 29594802.