Dyspareunia pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Multisystemic: sexual function involves: | Sexual pain disorders can therefore be considered as | ||
nervous, | *multifactorial | ||
endocrine, | *multisystemic | ||
vascular, | *complex : | ||
immunological systems | '''Multifactorial''':biological, psychosexual, relational factors can coexist in a woman complaining of coital pain. Over time, these different factors may act as predisposing, precipitating, or perpetuating sexual pain disorders.<br> | ||
vaginal ecosystem | '''Multisystemic''': sexual function involves: | ||
*nervous, | |||
*endocrine, | |||
*vascular, | |||
*immunological systems | |||
*vaginal ecosystem | |||
'''complex''': coital pain is greater than the simple peripheral tissue damage that may initially trigger the nociceptive component.When It becomes chronic,the pathophysiology of pain may gradually shift from nociceptive, a friend signal that should induce self protection and defense, to neuropathic, with a progressive involvement of the CNS. | |||
*[[Vaginismus]]: This is the result of a conditioned reflex of the [[pubococcygeus muscle]], which is sometimes referred to as the 'PC muscle'. The reflex causes the muscles in the vagina to tense suddenly, which makes any kind of vaginal penetration -- including [[sexual penetration]] -- either painful or impossible.<br> | *[[Vaginismus]]: This is the result of a conditioned reflex of the [[pubococcygeus muscle]], which is sometimes referred to as the 'PC muscle'. The reflex causes the muscles in the vagina to tense suddenly, which makes any kind of vaginal penetration -- including [[sexual penetration]] -- either painful or impossible.<br> | ||
Revision as of 20:48, 20 September 2020
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Overview
Dyspareunia is caused by medical causes, psychological problems, and pathophysiology of dyspareunia vary based on the underlying causes. For example, estrogen deficiency causes atrophic vaginitis or ectopic uterine tissues in endometriosis causes dyspareunia. Psychological problems can cause dyspareunia.
Pathophysiology
Sexual pain disorders can therefore be considered as
- multifactorial
- multisystemic
- complex :
Multifactorial:biological, psychosexual, relational factors can coexist in a woman complaining of coital pain. Over time, these different factors may act as predisposing, precipitating, or perpetuating sexual pain disorders.
Multisystemic: sexual function involves:
- nervous,
- endocrine,
- vascular,
- immunological systems
- vaginal ecosystem
complex: coital pain is greater than the simple peripheral tissue damage that may initially trigger the nociceptive component.When It becomes chronic,the pathophysiology of pain may gradually shift from nociceptive, a friend signal that should induce self protection and defense, to neuropathic, with a progressive involvement of the CNS.
- Vaginismus: This is the result of a conditioned reflex of the pubococcygeus muscle, which is sometimes referred to as the 'PC muscle'. The reflex causes the muscles in the vagina to tense suddenly, which makes any kind of vaginal penetration -- including sexual penetration -- either painful or impossible.
- Endometriosis:The exact pathogenesis of endometriosis is not clear; several theories have been set forth. The Sampson theory of retrograde menstruation, the coelomic metaplasia theory, and the lymphatic and vascular dissemination theory explain the implantation and invasion of the endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Immunologic factors and genetic factors are also thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
- Vulvodynia: A wide variety of possible causes and treatments for vulvodynia are currently being explored. Some possible causes include: allergy or other sensitivity to chemicals or organisms normally found in the environment, autoimmune disorder similar to lupus erythematosus, chronic tension or spasm of the muscles of the vulvar area, infection, injury, chemical sensitivity and neuropathy. Some cases seem to be negative outcomes of genital surgery, such as a labiectomy.
- Pathophysiology of Isolated painful ejaculation depends on the underlying cause such as Urethritis, Prostatitis, Epididymitis, Orchitis, Abdominal abscess, Penile prosthesis, Bladder cancer, Intra-abdominal tumors, Prostate cancer, Vesical calculi, Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Urethral stricture, Pelvic musculature spasm, Radical prostatectomy, Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP),Vasectomy, Frenulum breve