Urethritis
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| Urethritis Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | N34. |
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| ICD-9 | 597 099.4 |
| DiseasesDB | 27902 |
| eMedicine | med/2342 |
| MeSH | D014526 |
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Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra. The main symptom is dysuria, which is painful or difficult urination.
Diagnosis
A swab is inserted 1–4cm into the urethra and rotated once. The swab is then smeared onto a glass slide and examined under a microscope. A commonly used cut-off for the diagnosis of urethritis is 5 or more polymorphs per high power field, but this definition has recently been called into doubt.[1]
Tests of gonorrhoea and chlamydia are sent on the swab.
Causes
In the diagnostic approach to urethritis, physicians classify the disease as gonococcal urethritis or non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), based on its causation. Non-gonococcal urethritis, sometimes called non-specific urethritis (NSU), has both infectious and non-infectious causes. In men, purulent discharge usually indicates a urethritis of gonococcal nature, while clear discharge indicates urethritis of non-gonococcal nature. Urethritis is difficult to diagnose in women because discharge may not be present, however, the symptoms of dysuria and frequency may be present.
Causes include:
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Mycoplasma genitalium
- Adenovirus
- Herpes simplex
- Reiter's syndrome
- Escherichia coli
Symptoms
Discharge (milky or pus-like) from the penis, stinging or burning during urination, itching, tingling, burning or irritation inside the penis.
Treatment
A variety of drugs may be prescribed based on the cause of the patient's urethritis. Some examples of medications based on causes include:
- Clotrimazole (Mycelex) - Trichomonas
- Doxycycline (Vibramycin) - Chlamydia
- Fluconazole (Diflucan) - Monilial
- Metronidazole (Flagyl) - Trichomonas
- Nitrofurantoin - Bacterial Infection
- Nystatin (Mycostatin) - Monilial
- Co-trimoxazole, which is a combination of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim in a ratio of 5 to 1 (Septrin, Bactrim) - Bacterial Infection
Proper perineal hygiene should be stressed. This includes avoiding use of vaginal deodarant sprays and proper wiping after urination and bowel movements. Intercourse should be avoided until symptoms subside.
References
de:Urethritis fr:Urétrite it:Uretrite he:דלקת השופכה nl:Urethritisfi:Virtsaputkentulehdus
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
