Sandbox:Trusha

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[3]

1. Bowel endometriosis vs Hemorrhoids vs Diverticular diseases vs Anal fissure vs Ulcerative colitis vs Crohn's disease,
2. Superior vena cava obstruction
3. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection
4. Esophageal achalasia
5. Esophageal cancer
6. Esophageal rupture
7. Hiatus hernia
8. Hilar lymphadenopathy
9. Pneumomediastinum
10. Sarcoidosis
11. Lymphoma
12. Neurilemmoma
13. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
14. Teratoma
15. Thymoma

1. Thyroid cancer
2. Goitre
3. Mediastinal germ cell tumor,
4. Mediastinal tumor,
5. Mediastinitis

1. Churg-Strauss syndrome
2. Bronchogenic cyst,
3. Dermoid cyst
4. Anthrax:
5. Tularemia.

Class	Disease	Sign/Symptoms	Epidemiology/ Demographics	Gold standard	Image	Additional findings
Anterior mediastinal mass
Tumors	Thymoma	Facial swelling Dysphagia Cough wheezing Chest pain Muscle weakness (MG) Anemia	Equal distribution	Biopsy: Epithelial cells Immature lymphocytes Immature T cells		Associated condition NM Myasthenia gravis Neuromyotonia Rippling muscle disease Polymyositis/dermatomyositis Encephalitis (limbic, cortical and brain stem) Intestinal pseudoobstruction Hematological Anemia: pure red cell aplasia, pernicious anemia, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia Other isolated cytopenias: eosinophils, basophils neutrophils Immunodeficiencies: hypogammaglobulinemia/- T-cell deficiencies (Good syndrome) Dermatological Pemphigus (foliaceus or paraneoplastic) Lichen planus Alopecia areata Endocrine Addison disease Grave's disease Cushing's disease Hepato-renal Glomerulonephritis Autoimmune hepatitis Systemic Autoimmune Diseases SLE Sjögren's syndrome Systemic sclerosis Graft-versus-host disease
	Fatty mass	Mostly asymptomatic	Common in Steroid use Cushing's syndrome Obeses	MRI: Well-defined encapsulated mas Extensive fat content Small amounts of solid areas Fibrous septa		Fatty mass can be: Lipoma Liposarcoma Thymolipoma
	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	Fever Weight loss and anorexia Night sweats Constant fatigue Itchy skin Skin patches Cough Shortness of breath Abdominal pain or swelling Constipation Nausea Vomiting Headache Personality changes Seizures
	Teratoma
Thyroid disease	Thyroid cancer
	Goitre
Middle mediastinal mass
CVS disease	Pericardial effusion
	Aortic dissection
	Superior vena cava obstruction
	Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection
GI disease	Esophageal achalasia
	Esophageal cancer
	Esophageal rupture
	Hiatus hernia
Pulmonary disease	Hilar lymphadenopathy
	Pneumomediastinum
	Sarcoidosis
Mediastinal tumor	Mediastinal tumor
	Mediastinal germ cell tumor
Infection	Mediastinitis
	Anthrax
	Tularemia
Cystic disease	Dermoid cyst
	Bronchogenic cyst
Chronic inflammatory	Churg-Strauss syndrome
Posterior mediastinal mass
CNS disease	Meningocele
	Neurilemmoma

CT scan showing a smooth anterior mediastinal mass, with a mixed internal density of containing both enhancing soft tissue and cystic areas. The outline of the mass is relatively well defined. No lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion or infiltration. Case courtesy of Dr. Abdallah Al Khateeb (Picture courtesy: Radiopedia)

CT scan showing excessive fatty tissue deposition within the posterior mediastinum with anterior displacement of the esophagus. Case courtesy of Dr. Ahmed Abdrabou (Picture courtesy: [1])