Carcinoid syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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:*The size of the primary tumor
:*The size of the primary tumor
:*The anatomical extent of disease
:*The anatomical extent of disease
*Elevated expression of the proliferation antigen Ki-67 and the tumor suppressor protein p53 have been associated with poorer prognosis
*Elevated expression of the proliferation antigen Ki-67 and the tumor suppressor protein p53 have been associated with poorer prognosis.
*Adverse clinical prognostic indicators include:
*Adverse clinical prognostic indicators include:
:*Carcinoid syndrome
:*Carcinoid syndrome
:*Carcinoid heart disease
:*Carcinoid heart disease
:*High concentrations of the tumor markers urinary [[5-HIAA]] and plasma [[chromogranin A]]
:*High concentrations of the tumor markers urinary [[5-HIAA]] and plasma [[chromogranin A]].
*In people with the carcinoid syndrome, the tumor has usually spread to the liver, which lowers the survival rate
*In people with the carcinoid syndrome, the tumor has usually spread to the liver, which lowers the survival rate
*The outlook is more favorable with new treatment methods, such as [[sandostatin]]
*The outlook is more favorable with new treatment methods, such as [[sandostatin]]..


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 18:35, 22 September 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]

Overview

Complications

Prognosis

  • Factors that determine the clinical course and outcome of patients with GI carcinoid tumors are complex and multifaceted and include the following:[1]
  • The site of origin
  • The size of the primary tumor
  • The anatomical extent of disease
  • Elevated expression of the proliferation antigen Ki-67 and the tumor suppressor protein p53 have been associated with poorer prognosis.
  • Adverse clinical prognostic indicators include:
  • Carcinoid syndrome
  • Carcinoid heart disease
  • High concentrations of the tumor markers urinary 5-HIAA and plasma chromogranin A.
  • In people with the carcinoid syndrome, the tumor has usually spread to the liver, which lowers the survival rate
  • The outlook is more favorable with new treatment methods, such as sandostatin..

References

  1. "Prognostic Factors".


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