Diabetes mellitus type 1 history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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{{Diabetes mellitus type 1}} | {{Diabetes mellitus type 1}} | ||
{{Diabetes mellitus}} | {{Diabetes mellitus}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}{{AE}}{{VD}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[diabetes mellitus type 1|Type 1 DM]] has 2 forms of presentations 1) Classic new onset, which commonly present with persistent [[thirst]], frequent [[urination]], and [[dehydration]] 2) [[Diabetic ketoacidosis]], which commonly presents with [[abdominal pain]], [[vomiting]] and flu-like [[symptom|symptoms]]. | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
* Increase frequency of urination | * [[diabetes mellitus type 1|Type 1 DM]] has different ways of presentation. Obtaining the history is the most important aspect of making a [[diagnosis]] of [[diabetes mellitus type 1|type 1 DM]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000305.htm|title=medline plus|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jdrf.org/t1d-resources/type-1-diabetes-warning-signs/|title=JDRF|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/symptoms/?referrer=https://www.google.com/|title=ADA|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016</ref> | ||
* Specific areas of focus when obtaining history include:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000305.htm|title=medline plus|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jdrf.org/t1d-resources/type-1-diabetes-warning-signs/|title=JDRF|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/symptoms/?referrer=https://www.google.com/|title=ADA|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016</ref> | |||
* Increase frequency of [[urination]] | |||
* Unusually wet diapers | * Unusually wet diapers | ||
* Persistent thirst | * Persistent [[thirst]] | ||
* Weight loss | * [[Weight loss]] | ||
===Symptoms=== | ===Symptoms=== | ||
==== Infants ==== | ==== Infants ==== | ||
Symptoms of type 1 DM include: | |||
* Persistent thirst | [[symptom|Symptoms]] of [[diabetes mellitus type 1|type 1 DM]] include:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000305.htm|title=medline plus|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jdrf.org/t1d-resources/type-1-diabetes-warning-signs/|title=JDRF|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/symptoms/?referrer=https://www.google.com/|title=ADA|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016</ref> | ||
* | * Increase frequency of [[urination]] | ||
* Persistent [[thirst]] | |||
* [[Dehydration]] | |||
==== Young children ==== | ==== Young children ==== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! colspan="2" |Type 1 Diabetes | ! colspan="2" |[[diabetes mellitus type 1|Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus]] can have one of the following presentations | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Classic new onset | |Classic new onset | ||
|Diabetic ketoacidosis | |[[Diabetic ketoacidosis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
==== Most common presentation of type 1 DM ==== | |||
==== Most common presentation of type 1 DM: ==== | |||
[[Patient]] present with [[symptom|symptoms]] of | |||
*[[Frequent urination]] | *[[Frequent urination]] | ||
*Excessive [[thirst]] | *Excessive [[thirst]] | ||
*Unexplained [[weight loss]] | *Unexplained [[weight loss]] | ||
*Extreme hunger | *Extreme [[hunger]] | ||
*Sudden vision changes | *Sudden [[Visual system|vision]] changes/Difficulty in [[Visual system|vision]] | ||
*[[Tingling]] or [[numbness]] in hands or feet | *[[Tingling]] or [[numbness]] in hands or feet | ||
*[[Fatigue]] | *[[Fatigue]] | ||
*Very dry skin | *Very [[Xeroderma|dry skin]] | ||
*[[Sores]] that are slow to heal | *[[Sores]] that are slow to heal | ||
*More [[infection]] | *More [[infection]] than usual. | ||
*[[Nausea]], [[vomiting]], or [[stomach pain]] | *[[Nausea]], [[vomiting]], or [[stomach pain]] | ||
* [[Oral Thrush]] or [[Yeast infection|yeast infections]]; | |||
**Which typically fails to go away without [[treatment]] and it is due to unbalance of normal [[flora]] and [[Fungus|fungal]] in [[Mouth|oral cavity]] or [[cervix]] | |||
**[[Microorganism|Microorganisms]] easily feast on high [[blood sugar|sugar]] and in [[Xerostomia|dry mouth]] (from [[Polyuria]]). | |||
==== Early Symptoms ==== | ==== Early Symptoms ==== | ||
* [[Sluggish]], [[extreme tiredness]] | * [[Sluggish]], [[extreme tiredness]] | ||
* [[Fruity smell to breath]]/compare to nail polish remover, similar to | * [[Fruity smell to breath]]/compare to nail polish remover, similar to pear drops | ||
* Extreme [[thirst]], despite large fluid intake | * Extreme [[thirst]], despite large fluid intake | ||
* [[Constant urination]] | * [[Constant urination]] | ||
* Extreme [[weight-loss]] | * Extreme [[weight-loss]] | ||
* [[Oral Thrush]] | * * [[Oral Thrush]] or [[Yeast infection|yeast infections]]; | ||
**Which typically fails to go away without [[treatment]] and it is due to unbalance of normal [[flora]] and [[Fungus|fungal]] in [[Mouth|oral cavity]] or [[cervix]] | |||
**[[Microorganism|Microorganisms]] easily feast on high [[blood sugar|sugar]] and in [[Xerostomia|dry mouth]] (from [[Polyuria]]). | |||
* [[Agitation]] / [[Irritation]] / Aggression / [[Confusion]] | * [[Agitation]] / [[Irritation]] / Aggression / [[Confusion]] | ||
==== Late Symptoms ==== | ==== Late Symptoms ==== | ||
At this point, DKA is life-threatening and medical attention should be sought immediately. | |||
* Emesis ([[vomiting]]), although this is not always a sign of late-stage ketoacidosis, and can occur both in early-stage ketoacidosis and in non-ketoacidic hyperglycaemia. | At this point, [[Diabetic ketoacidosis|DKA]] is life-threatening and medical attention should be sought immediately. | ||
* [[Nausea and vomiting|Emesis]] ([[vomiting]]), although this is not always a sign of late-stage [[ketoacidosis]], and can occur both in early-stage [[ketoacidosis]] and in non-ketoacidic [[hyperglycaemia]]. | |||
* [[Confusion]] | * [[Confusion]] | ||
* [[Abdominal pain]] | * [[Abdominal pain]] | ||
* [[Loss of appetite]] | * [[Loss of appetite]] | ||
* [[Influenza|Flu]]-like symptoms | * [[Influenza|Flu]]-like [[symptom|symptoms]] | ||
* [[Lethargy]] and [[apathy]] | * [[Lethargy]] and [[apathy]] | ||
* Extreme [[weakness]] | * Extreme [[weakness]] | ||
* [[Kussmaul breathing]] ("air hunger"). Patients breathe more deeply and/or rapidly. | * [[Kussmaul breathing]] ("air hunger"). [[patient|Patients]] [[Breathing|breathe]] more deeply and/or rapidly. | ||
* [[Unconsciousness]] ([[diabetic coma]]) after prolonged DKA. At this stage, speedy medical attention is imperative. | * [[Unconsciousness]] ([[diabetic coma]]) after prolonged [[Diabetic ketoacidosis|DKA]]. At this stage, speedy medical attention is imperative. | ||
|} | |} | ||
* | * | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Needs content]] | [[Category:Needs content]] | ||
[[Category:Endocrinology]] | [[Category:Endocrinology]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
Latest revision as of 12:09, 20 September 2020
Diabetes mellitus type 1 Microchapters |
Differentiating Diabetes mellitus type 1 from other Diseases |
Diagnosis |
Treatment |
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Diabetes mellitus Main page |
Patient Information |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishal Devarkonda, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Type 1 DM has 2 forms of presentations 1) Classic new onset, which commonly present with persistent thirst, frequent urination, and dehydration 2) Diabetic ketoacidosis, which commonly presents with abdominal pain, vomiting and flu-like symptoms.
History
- Type 1 DM has different ways of presentation. Obtaining the history is the most important aspect of making a diagnosis of type 1 DM.[1][2][3][4]
- Specific areas of focus when obtaining history include:[5][6][7][8]
- Increase frequency of urination
- Unusually wet diapers
- Persistent thirst
- Weight loss
Symptoms
Infants
Symptoms of type 1 DM include:[9][10][11][12]
- Increase frequency of urination
- Persistent thirst
- Dehydration
Young children
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus can have one of the following presentations | |
---|---|
Classic new onset | Diabetic ketoacidosis |
Most common presentation of type 1 DM:Patient present with symptoms of
Early Symptoms
Late SymptomsAt this point, DKA is life-threatening and medical attention should be sought immediately.
|
References
- ↑ "medline plus".
- ↑ "JDRF".
- ↑ "ADA".
- ↑ Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016
- ↑ "medline plus".
- ↑ "JDRF".
- ↑ "ADA".
- ↑ Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016
- ↑ "medline plus".
- ↑ "JDRF".
- ↑ "ADA".
- ↑ Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016