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{{Ascariasis}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
Most people recover from symptoms of the infection, even without treatment, although they may continue to carry the worms in their body. Complications may be caused by adult worms that move to certain organs such as the bile duct, pancreas, or appendix, or multiply and cause a blockage in the intestine.
Ascariasis is often asymptomatic.<ref name="Principles and Practice">Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.</ref> Complications may arise when adult worms move to certain organs such as the [[bile duct]], [[pancreas]], or [[appendix]].<ref name="Principles and Practice">Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.</ref> A high worm burden can also result in complications such as [[intestinal obstruction]].<ref name="Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics">Kliegman, Robert; Stanton, Bonita; St. Geme, Joseph; Schor, Nina (2016). "Chapter 291:Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides)". Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics Twentieth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 1733–1734. ISBN 978-1-4557-7566-8.</ref>


==Natural History==
==Natural History==
 
The majority of people infected with Ascaris are asymptomatic although greater than 15% can experience some type of morbidity.<ref name="Principles and Practice">Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.</ref>
==Complications==
==Complications==
* [[Biliary tract]] obstruction.
Complications of ascariasis include the following:<ref name="Ferri's Clinical Advisor">Ferri, Fred (2017). "Chapter:Ascariasis". Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017. Elsevier. pp. 117–117. ISBN 978-0-3232-8048-8.</ref><ref name="Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics">Kliegman, Robert; Stanton, Bonita; St. Geme, Joseph; Schor, Nina (2016). "Chapter 291:Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides)". Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics Twentieth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 1733–1734. ISBN 978-1-4557-7566-8.</ref><ref name="Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine">Kim, Kami; Weiss, Louis; Tanowitz, Herbert (2016). "Chapter 39:Parasitic Infections". Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine Sixth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 682–698. ISBN 978-1-4557-3383-5.</ref> 
* Intestinal obstruction.
* [[Biliary duct]] disease
* [[Perforation]].
* [[Hepatic abscess]]
* [[Intestinal obstruction]] associated with [[perforation]], [[volvulus]], and [[intussusception]]
* [[Peritonitis]]
* [[Pancreatitis]]
* [[Acute appendicitis]]
* Malabsorption and growth impairment from chronic infection with [[Ascaris lumbricoides]]
* [[Interstitial nephritis]] and [[acute renal failure]] (rare)
* [[Acute eosinophilic pneumonia]] resulting in [[respiratory distress]] (rare)


==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
The prognosis is good and most cases of ascariasis are asymptomatic, but mortality can sometimes be as high as 60,000 per year in symptomatic patients.<ref name="Principles and Practice">Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.</ref> Mortality from ascariasis is usually as a result of complications from the infection, and approximately 4.6% of patients hospitalized with complications of ascariasis die from the infection.<ref name="pmid9236818">{{cite journal| author=de Silva NR, Chan MS, Bundy DA| title=Morbidity and mortality due to ascariasis: re-estimation and sensitivity analysis of global numbers at risk. | journal=Trop Med Int Health | year= 1997 | volume= 2 | issue= 6 | pages= 519-28 | pmid=9236818 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9236818  }} </ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Case fatality rates in published studies of >100 patients hospitalized due to any complication of ascariasis<ref name="pmid9236818">{{cite journal| author=de Silva NR, Chan MS, Bundy DA| title=Morbidity and mortality due to ascariasis: re-estimation and sensitivity analysis of global numbers at risk. | journal=Trop Med Int Health | year= 1997 | volume= 2 | issue= 6 | pages= 519-28 | pmid=9236818 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9236818  }} </ref>
|-
|Country
|Period of study
|Total number of patients
|Number of deaths (N)
|% Number of deaths
|-
|USA
|1940s
|202
|6
|3
|-
|South Africa
|1958–1962
|100
|3
|3
|-
|Brazil
|1970s
|454
|44
|9.7
|-
|Burma
|1981–1983
|641
|18
|2.8
|-
|Burma
|1984–1986
|226
|6
|2.6
|-
|India
|1980s
|876
|38
|4.3
|}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 20:28, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fatimo Biobaku M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Ascariasis is often asymptomatic.[1] Complications may arise when adult worms move to certain organs such as the bile duct, pancreas, or appendix.[1] A high worm burden can also result in complications such as intestinal obstruction.[2]

Natural History

The majority of people infected with Ascaris are asymptomatic although greater than 15% can experience some type of morbidity.[1]

Complications

Complications of ascariasis include the following:[3][2][4]

Prognosis

The prognosis is good and most cases of ascariasis are asymptomatic, but mortality can sometimes be as high as 60,000 per year in symptomatic patients.[1] Mortality from ascariasis is usually as a result of complications from the infection, and approximately 4.6% of patients hospitalized with complications of ascariasis die from the infection.[5]

Case fatality rates in published studies of >100 patients hospitalized due to any complication of ascariasis[5]
Country Period of study Total number of patients Number of deaths (N) % Number of deaths
USA 1940s 202 6 3
South Africa 1958–1962 100 3 3
Brazil 1970s 454 44 9.7
Burma 1981–1983 641 18 2.8
Burma 1984–1986 226 6 2.6
India 1980s 876 38 4.3

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kliegman, Robert; Stanton, Bonita; St. Geme, Joseph; Schor, Nina (2016). "Chapter 291:Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides)". Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics Twentieth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 1733–1734. ISBN 978-1-4557-7566-8.
  3. ↑ Ferri, Fred (2017). "Chapter:Ascariasis". Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017. Elsevier. pp. 117–117. ISBN 978-0-3232-8048-8.
  4. ↑ Kim, Kami; Weiss, Louis; Tanowitz, Herbert (2016). "Chapter 39:Parasitic Infections". Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine Sixth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 682–698. ISBN 978-1-4557-3383-5.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 de Silva NR, Chan MS, Bundy DA (1997). "Morbidity and mortality due to ascariasis: re-estimation and sensitivity analysis of global numbers at risk". Trop Med Int Health. 2 (6): 519–28. PMID 9236818.


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