Urology
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WikiDoc Resources for Urology | |
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Most recent articles on Urology | |
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Evidence Based Medicine | |
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Ongoing Trials on Urology at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Urology at Google
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US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Urology
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Urology Risk calculators and risk factors for Urology
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Causes & Risk Factors for Urology | |
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Continuing Medical Education (CME) | |
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Experimental / Informatics | |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-525-6884
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Urology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males. Medical professionals specializing in the field of urology are called urologists and are trained to diagnose, treat, and manage patients with urological disorders. The organs covered by urology include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and the male reproductive organs (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and penis).
In men, the urinary system overlaps with the reproductive system, and in women the urinary tract opens into the vulva. In both sexes, the urinary and reproductive tracts are close together, and disorders of one often affect the other. Urology combines management of medical (i.e., non-surgical) problems such as urinary infections, and surgical problems such as the correction of congenital abnormalities and the surgical management of cancers. Such abnormalities within the genital region are called genitourinary disorders.
Urology is closely related to, and in some cases overlaps with, the medical fields of nephrology, andrology, gynecology, proctology and oncology.
Branches of urology
As a discipline that involves the study of many organs and physiological systems, urology can be broken down into subfields. Many urologists, particularly those involved in research, choose an informal specialization in a particular field of urology.
- Neurourology involves the study of nervous system control of the genitourinary system, and of conditions causing abnormal urination. Neurological diseases and disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and spinal cord injury can disrupt the lower urinary tract and result in conditions such as urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, urinary retention, and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. Less marked neurological abnormalities can cause urological disorders as well -- for example, abnormalities of the sensory nervous system are thought by many researchers to play a role in disorders of painful or frequent urination (e.g. interstitial cystitis).[1] Urodynamic studies play an important diagnostic role in neurourology; urologists often use diagnostic techniques such as flow cystometry or ambulatory urodynamic profiles to determine the best method of treatment for the patient. Medical therapy for nervous system disorders includes drugs that target the nervous system and neuromodulation.
- Pediatric urology is the study of urologic disorders in children such as enuresis, hypospadias, vesicoureteral reflux, and antenatal hydronephrosis.
- Urologic oncology is the study of malignant genitourinary diseases such as prostate cancer and bladder cancer.
Other subfields of urology include stone disease, sexual dysfunction and male infertility.
References
Further reading
- Contemporary Urology - a monthly magazine
See also
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Bladder stones
- Bladder cancer
- Cystitis
- Development of the urinary and reproductive organs
- Interstitial Cystitis
- Kidney stones
- Medical specialty
- Prostatitis
- Prostate cancer
- Retrograde pyelogram
- Uroscopy
- Vasectomy
External links
- On-Line Urology Journal Club (via JournalReview.org)
- Uroportal International
- Urosource - Bridging the gap between Science & Practice News portal for urology professionals offering conference reports, online abstracts, surgical video's and news.
- A Journal for Urologists
- American Urological Association 15,000-member professional association for urologists. Annual meeting in May.
- European Association of Urology The EAU represents over 16,000 urological professionals across Europe and organises more than 25 meetings & courses each year.
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
