Tic disorder
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| Tic disorder Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | F95. |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 307.2 |
| DiseasesDB | 29465 |
| eMedicine | neuro/664 |
| MeSH | D013981 |
Tic disorders are defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) based on type (motor or phonic) and duration of tics (sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyped, involuntary movements). Tic disorders are defined similarly by the World Health Organization (ICD-10 codes).
Classification
Tic disorders are classified as follows:[1]
- Transient tic disorder consists of multiple motor and/or phonic tics with duration of at least 4 weeks, but less than 12 months.
- Chronic tic disorder is either single or multiple motor or phonic tics, but not both, which are present for more than a year.
- Tourette's disorder is diagnosed when both motor and phonic tics are present for more than a year.
- Tic Disorder NOS is diagnosed when tics are present, but do not meet the criteria for any specific tic disorder.
Tic disorders onset in childhood (before the age of 18), and are not due to the effects of medication or another medical condition.
DSM-IV-TR diagnosis codes for the tic disorders are:[2]
- 307.20 Tic Disorder NOS (Not Otherwise Specified)
- 307.21 Transient Tic Disorder
- 307.22 Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
- 307.23 Tourette's Disorder
ICD10 diagnosis codes are: [3]
- F95.0 Transient tic disorder
- F95.1 Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder
- F95.2 Combined vocal and multiple motor tic disorder [de la Tourette]
- F95.8 Other tic disorders
- F95.9 Tic disorder, unspecified
Prevalence
A large, community-based study suggested that over 19% of school-age children have tic disorders.[4] The children with tic disorders in that study were usually undiagnosed. (Kurlan) As many as 1 in 100 people may experience some form of tic disorder, usually before the onset of puberty. (NIH) Tourette syndrome is the more severe expression of a spectrum of tic disorders, which are thought to be due to the same genetic vulnerability. Nevertheless, most cases of Tourette syndrome are not severe. Although a good body of investigative work indicates genetic linkage of the various tic disorders, further study is needed to confirm the relationship.[5]
Treatment
Treatment of tic disorders, although not usually necessary, is similar to treatment of Tourette syndrome. Tics should be distinguished from other causes of tourettism.
Notes
- ↑ Evidente VG. "Is it a tic or Tourette's? Clues for differentiating simple from more complex tic disorders". Postgraduate medicine108 (5): 175-6, 179-82. PMID 11043089 Retrieved on 2007-05-24
- ↑ DSM-IV-TR: numerical listing of codes and diagnoses. BehaveNet® Clinical Capsule. Retrieved on 2007-05-24.
- ↑ ICD Version 2006. World Health Organization. Retrieved on 2007-05-24.
- ↑ Kurlan R, McDermott MP, Deeley C, et al. "Prevalence of tics in schoolchildren and association with placement in special education". Neurology 57 (8): 1383-8. PMID 11673576
- ↑ Swerdlow NR. "Tourette syndrome: current controversies and the battlefield landscape". Current neurology and neuroscience reports. 5 (5): 329-31. PMID 16131414
References
- Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet. National Institutes of Health (NIH). Retrieved on 2005-03-23
- The Tourette Syndrome Classification Study Group. "Definitions and classification of tic disorders". Arch. Neurol. 50 (10): 1013-6. PMID 8215958. Retrieved on 2005-03-22
Topics related to Tourette syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Main | Causes and origins · History · Sociological and cultural aspects · Treatment |
| Terms | Coprolalia · Copropraxia · Echolalia · Echopraxia · Palilalia · Sensory phenomena · Tic · Tic disorder · Tourettism |
| History | Jean-Martin Charcot · Georges Gilles de la Tourette · Jean Marc Gaspard Itard · Arthur K. Shapiro |
| Organizations | Tourette Syndrome Association · Tourette Syndrome Foundation of Canada |
| Media | I Have Tourette's but Tourette's Doesn't Have Me · John's Not Mad · The Tic Code · "Le Petit Tourette" · Motherless Brooklyn |
| Notable people | Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf · Howard Ahmanson, Jr · Pete Bennett · Brad Cohen · Jim Eisenreich · Tim Howard · Samuel Johnson · Andre Malraux · Tobias Picker · Nick van Bloss · Michael Wolff |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
